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The role of union in mysql

Apr 27, 2024 am 02:27 AM
mysql

UNION 运算符在 MySQL 中将来自多个查询的结果集合并成一个单一的结果,消除重复行并合并不同查询中的行。它可以简化复杂查询,提高查询效率,并避免重复数据。需要注意的是,查询必须具有相同的列数和数据类型,结果集的顺序由第一个查询决定,并且 UNION 运算符在执行时会使用额外的内存。

The role of union in mysql

MySQL 中 UNION 的作用

UNION 运算符在 MySQL 中用于合并来自两个或更多查询的结果集。它将多个查询的结果合并成一个单一的結果。

语法

SELECT * FROM query1
UNION
SELECT * FROM query2
[UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM query3]

作用

UNION 运算符的主要作用是:

  • 消除重复行:它会移除两个或更多查询结果集中重复的行,只保留唯一行。
  • 合并行:它将来自不同查询的结果行合并到一个单一的結果中。
  • 形成多表查询:UNION 运算符可以用作多表查询的一部分,允许从多个表中检索数据并将其组合起来。

使用 UNION ALL

UNION ALL 与 UNION 类似,但它不会消除重复行。它简单地将来自不同查询的结果行合并到一个单一的結果中,包括任何重复行。

示例

例如,以下查询使用 UNION 来合并来自两个查询的结果集,并仅保留唯一行:

SELECT * FROM employees
UNION
SELECT * FROM customers

结果集将包含所有员工和客户的行,并且不会包含重复的行。

优点

  • 简化复杂查询
  • 提高查询效率
  • 避免重复数据

注意事项

使用 UNION 时需要注意以下几点:

  • 查询必须具有相同的列数和数据类型。
  • 结果集的顺序由第一个查询决定。
  • UNION 运算符在执行时需要额外的内存,特别是对于大型数据集。

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