How golang functions and goroutine cooperate

Go language functions cooperate with Goroutine

Coroutine (Goroutine) is a lightweight parallel execution mechanism in the Go language. It can collaborate with functions to create high-performance and scalable concurrent programs.

Functions

Go language functions are collections of code blocks that perform specific tasks and return results. Functions can accept parameters and pass them by value or reference.

func add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

Goroutine

Goroutine is a lightweight execution thread managed by the Go runtime. It is created with the go keyword as follows:

go func() {
    // Goroutine 正在执行的任务
}

Collaboration

Functions and Goroutines can collaborate to create concurrent programs. Functions can start Goroutines to perform tasks, and Goroutines can call back functions after the function execution is completed.

Practical Case

Consider the following code example, which starts a Goroutine to calculate the Fibonacci sequence:

func main() {
    // 启动一个 Goroutine 来计算第 n 个斐波那契数
    n := 5
    fib := make(chan int)
    go func() {
        fib <- fib(n)
    }()

    // 在 main Goroutine 中接收计算结果
    result := <-fib
    fmt.Println("第", n, "个斐波那契数为：", result)
}

func fib(n int) int {
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
}

In this case, main() The function starts a Goroutine to calculate the 5th Fibonacci number. fib() The function is executed in the Goroutine and the result is sent back to the main() function's channel fib. main() The function receives the result from the channel and prints it.

With this collaborative approach, we can take advantage of the concurrency capabilities of Goroutines while still maintaining the order and readability of the code.

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