Memory management of golang functions and goroutine

Memory of functions in Go is passed by value and does not affect the original variable. Goroutine shares memory, and the memory allocated by it will not be reclaimed by GC until the Goroutine completes execution. Memory leaks can occur by holding a reference to a completed Goroutine, using global variables, or avoiding static variables. To avoid leaks, it is recommended to cancel Goroutines via channels, avoid static variables, and use defer statements to release resources.

Memory management of functions and Goroutines in Go

The memory management of the Go language is automated, and the built-in garbage collector (GC) will collect no longer The object used. Functions and Goroutines are key parts of memory management, and it is important to understand their memory behavior.

Function

Memory in Go functions is passed by value. This means that when a variable is passed as a function parameter, it is copied to a local variable in the function. Therefore, any changes made to the function parameters will not affect the original variables.

func increment(n int) {
    n++ // 不会影响原始变量的值
}

func main() {
    x := 5
    increment(x)
    fmt.Println(x) // 仍然输出 5
}

Goroutine

Unlike functions, Goroutines are executed concurrently and share the application's memory. Memory allocated in a Goroutine will not be reclaimed by GC until the Goroutine completes execution.

func runGoroutine() {
    for {
        // 永远运行，内存泄漏
        fmt.Println("Goroutine 正在运行...")
    }
}

func main() {
    go runGoroutine()
    time.Sleep(time.Second) // 应用不会退出，因 Goroutine 仍在运行
}

Practical case: memory leak

The following situations may cause memory leaks:

• Retain references to completed Goroutine:Goroutine After completing execution, closures still reference them, preventing the GC from reclaiming the memory.
• Global variables: Goroutine creates and references global variables, which remain accessible even after the Goroutine completes.

Avoid memory leaks

Best practices to avoid memory leaks:

• Cancel Goroutine through channels:Use with channels context-managed package to cancel the Goroutine, ensuring that all resources are released when the Goroutine completes.
• Avoid static variables: Avoid defining variables at the package or method level, as Goroutines may reference them, causing memory leaks.
• Use defer: Use the defer statement to close resources (such as file handles) to ensure that the resources will be released even if an exception occurs.

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