The difference between golang function concurrency control and coroutines

The main difference between function concurrency control and coroutines in Go is: memory allocation: coroutines have independent stacks, while function concurrency control shares an address space. State: Coroutines have independent states, while functions control shared state concurrently. Scheduling: Coroutines are managed by the scheduler, while function concurrency control is scheduled by the operating system. Synchronization: Function concurrency control requires explicit synchronization, while coroutines are implicitly synchronized through the scheduler.

The difference between function concurrency control and coroutines in Go

In Go, function concurrency control and coroutines are An important tool for executing tasks in parallel. However, there are fundamental differences in the mechanisms by which they implement concurrency, and understanding these differences is critical to choosing the right tool.

Function concurrency control

Function concurrency control uses the go keyword to start a new coroutine, which is essentially a lightweight the rout. Multiple coroutines can be launched at the same time to perform tasks in parallel, but they share the same address space and state. This requires that access to shared resources be synchronized through mutexes or channels.

func main() {
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        go func(i int) {
            fmt.Println(i)
        }(i)
    }
}

Coroutines

Coroutines are a higher-level concurrency construct that provide a mechanism for switching execution between coroutines. Coroutines run on their own stack, have an independent execution environment, and have their own local variables and state. The execution of coroutines is managed by the scheduler, which is responsible for scheduling CPU time between coroutines.

func main() {
    c := make(chan int)
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        go func(i int) {
            c <- i
        }(i)
    }
    for i := range c {
        fmt.Println(i)
    }
}

Differences

The following are the main differences between function concurrency control and coroutines:

• Memory allocation:The coroutine runs on its own stack, while function concurrency control runs in the address space shared by the coroutine.
• State: Coroutines have their own independent state and local variables, while function concurrency control shares the same address space and state.
• Scheduling: Coroutines are managed by a scheduler, which schedules CPU time between coroutines, while function concurrency control is scheduled by the operating system.
• Synchronization: Function concurrency control requires the use of mutexes or channels for synchronization, while coroutines are implicitly synchronized through the scheduler.

Practical Case

Consider the following example where we want to calculate the sum of a set of numbers in parallel:

// Using function concurrency control
func fcc() int {
    sum := 0
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        go func(i int) {
            sum += i
        }(i)
    }
    return sum
}

// Using goroutines
func g() int {
    sum := 0
    c := make(chan int)
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        go func(i int) {
            c <- i
        }(i)
    }
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        sum += <-c
    }
    return sum
}

In this case , coroutines (g) will perform better than function concurrency control (fcc) because they avoid potential race conditions and synchronization overhead due to shared address space.

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