How to write efficient and maintainable functions in Java?

The key to writing efficient and maintainable Java functions is: keep it simple. Use meaningful naming. Handle special situations. Use appropriate visibility.

How to write efficient and maintainable Java functions

Writing efficient and maintainable code is a core skill for Java developers . By following a few best practices, you can write code that's easy to read, understand, and debug.

1. Keep it simple

Functions should be as concise as possible, containing only necessary logic. Avoid lengthy functions as they will be harder to understand and maintain.

Code:

// 不好的示例：冗长的函数
public static void doSomething(int a, int b, int c, int d) {
    // ...执行大量逻辑...
}

// 好的示例：简洁的函数
public static int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

2. Use meaningful naming

Function names should clearly describe the functionality of the function. Avoid using vague or generic names.

Code:

// 不好的示例：命名模糊
public static void process(Object object) {
    // ...处理对象...
}

// 好的示例：命名有意义
public static void calculateAverage(List numbers) {
    // ...计算平均数...
}

3. Handling special cases

If a function may encounter special cases, handle them explicitly . Use exception handling or return specific values ​​to indicate errors.

Code:

// 不好的示例：不处理特殊情况
public static void divide(int a, int b) {
    return a / b; // 可能抛出 ArithmeticException
}

// 好的示例：处理特殊情况
public static int divide(int a, int b) {
    if (b == 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("不能除以零");
    }
    return a / b;
}

4. Use appropriate visibility

Choose the appropriate visibility level for the function, e.g. Public, protected, default, or private. This helps encapsulate and hide unnecessary implementation details.

Code:

// 不好的示例：使用不适当的可见性
public class MyClass {
    private void doSomething() {
        // ...私有逻辑...
    }
    
    public void doSomethingPublic() {
        // ...调用私有方法...
        doSomething();
    }
}

// 好的示例：使用适当的可见性
public class MyClass {
    private void doSomething() {
        // ...私有逻辑...
    }
    
    // 仅在同一个包中可见
    protected void doSomethingProtected() {
        // ...受保护的逻辑...
        doSomething();
    }
}

Practical case:

Task: Write a method to find the least common multiple of two integers function.

Code:

public static int lcm(int a, int b) {
    if (a == 0 || b == 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("输入不能为零");
    }
    int gcd = gcd(a, b);
    return Math.abs(a * b) / gcd;
}

private static int gcd(int a, int b) {
    while (b != 0) {
        int temp = b;
        b = a % b;
        a = temp;
    }
    return a;
}

By following these best practices, you can write efficient and easy-to-maintain Java functions, thereby improving code readability, Understandability and debuggability.

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