What modular specification does nodejs adopt?

Node.js adopts the CommonJS modular specification, which defines the concepts of modules, exports and loads, simplifies the organization and reuse of modular JavaScript code, and helps manage dependencies.

Modularity specification adopted by Node.js

Node.js adopts the CommonJS specification as its module system. CommonJS is a collection of standards that defines modular JavaScript code, allowing developers to share code and functionality between different modules.

CommonJS specification

The CommonJS specification defines the following core concepts:

• Module: An independent A unit of JavaScript code that can export and import other modules.
• exports: Export variables, functions and classes in the module that can be accessed by other modules.
• require: Load and execute functions of other modules.

Using CommonJS in Node.js

Using CommonJS modularity in Node.js is easy. To export a module, you can use module.exports Object:

<code class="javascript">// module.js
module.exports = {
  add: function(a, b) {
    return a + b;
  }
};</code>

To import a module, you can use require() Function:

<code class="javascript">// main.js
var myModule = require('./module');
console.log(myModule.add(1, 2)); // 输出 3</code>

Advantages

The advantages of using the CommonJS modular specification include:

• Module reuse: Allows shared code to be reused between different modules.
• Code Organization: Helps organize large code bases to make them easier to manage and maintain.
• Dependency Management: Allows defining dependencies between modules so that the application can run correctly.

Alternatives

Although CommonJS is the default modularization specification in Node.js, there are some alternatives available, such as:

• ES modules: The native module system in JavaScript, introduced in Node.js 12.
• AMD (Asynchronous Module Definition): Another modular specification, commonly used in web development.

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