How does C++ function exception handling differ from error handling?

Exception handling is used to manage unexpected errors in the program, using try-catch syntax, and can be recovered; error handling manages unexpected external errors, using if statements, which are unrecoverable and the program may terminate.

Comparison of C function exception handling and error handling

Exception handling

Exception Handles unexpected situations that may occur in the management program. When an exception is thrown, it interrupts the normal program flow and transfers control to the exception handler, the catch block.

Syntax:

try {
  // 可能抛出异常的代码
} catch (exception_type &e) {
  // 异常处理程序
}

Error handling

Error handling is used to manage unexpected program errors, which are usually is caused by external factors such as file opening failure or insufficient memory.

Grammar:

if (error_code != 0) {
  // 错误处理程序
}

Key differences

Features	Exception handling	Error handling
Trigger	Internal error	External error
Control	Program interruption	Application continues execution
Termination	Program may Terminate	Program continues execution
Recoverability	Recoverable	Non-recoverable

Practical Case: File Open Exception Handling

try {
  ifstream file("myfile.txt");
  if (!file.is_open())
    throw runtime_error("无法打开文件");
} catch (exception &e) {
  cout << "错误：" << e.what() << endl;
}

Practical Case: Memory Allocation Error Handling

int *ptr = new int;
if (ptr == nullptr) {
  cout << "内存分配失败" << endl;
  return -1;
}

When processing, Exception handling provides a more elegant and structured way to handle unexpected conditions, while error handling is used to manage unrecoverable errors, in which case the program needs to take specific recovery actions or terminate.

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