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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialJDBC 入门(二)_MySQL

JDBC 入门(二)_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:08 PM
jdbcurlusegetting StartedEstablishconnectdriver

JDBC

你需要做的第一事情是你与想要使用的 DBMS 建立一个连接。这包含 2 个步骤:装载驱动程序并建立连接。

装载驱动程序
  装载驱动程序只需要非常简单的一行代码。例如,你想要使用 JDBC-ODBC 桥驱动程序, 可以用下列代码装载它:

    Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

  你的驱动程序文档将告诉你应该使用的类名。例如, 如果类名是 jdbc.DriverXYZ ,你将用代码以下的代码装载驱动程序:

    Class.forName("jdbc.DriverXYZ");

  你不需要创建一个驱动程序类的实例并且用 DriverManager 登记它,因为调用 Class.forName 将自动将加载驱动程序类。如果你曾自己创建实例,你将创建一个不必要的副本,但它不会带来什么坏处。

  加载 Driver 类后,它们即可用来与数据库建立连接。

建立连接
  第二步就是用适当的驱动程序类与 DBMS 建立一个连接。下列代码是一般的做法:

    Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "myLogin", "myPassword");

  这个步骤也非常简单,最难的是怎么提供 url。如果你正在使用 JDBC-ODBC 桥, JDBC URL 将以 jdbc:odbc 开始:余下 URL 通常是你的数据源名字或数据库系统。因此,假设你正在使用 ODBC 存取一个叫 "Fred" 的 ODBC 数据源,你的 JDBC URL 是 jdbc:odbc:Fred 。把 "myLogin" 及 "myPassword" 替换为你登陆 DBMS 的用户名及口令。如果你登陆数据库系统的用户名为 "Fernanda" 口令为 "J8",只需下面的 2 行代码就可以建立一个连接:

String url = "jdbc:odbc:Fred";
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,"Fernanda", "J8");
  如果你使用的是第三方开发了的 JDBC驱动程序,文档将告诉你该使用什么 subprotocol, 就是在 JDBC URL 中放在 jdbc 后面的部分。例如, 如果驱动程序开发者注册了 acme 作为 subprotocol, JDBC URL 的第一和第二部分将是 jdbc:acme。驱动程序文档也会告诉你余下 JDBC URL 的格式。JDBC URL 最后一部分提供了定位数据库的信息。

  如果你装载的驱动程序识别了提供给 DriverManager.getConnection 的 JDBC URL ,那个驱动程序将根据 JDBC URL 建立一个到指定 DBMS 的连接。正如名称所示,DriverManager 类在幕后为你管理建立连接的所有细节。除非你是正在写驱动程序,你可能无需使用此类的其它任何方法,一般程序员需要在此类中直接使用的唯一方法是 DriverManager.getConnection。

  DriverManager.getConnection 方法返回一个打开的连接,你可以使用此连接创建 JDBC statements 并发送 SQL 语句到数据库。在前面的例子里,con 对象是一个打开的连接,并且我们要在以后的例子里使用它。

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