6.1 CGI变量概述
如果你是从传统的CGI编程转而学习Java Servlet,或许已经习惯了“CGI变量”这一概念。CGI变量汇集了各种有关请求的信息:
部分来自HTTP请求命令和请求头,例如Content-Length头;
部分来自Socket本身,例如主机的名字和IP地址;
也有部分与服务器安装配置有关,例如URL到实际路径的映射。
6.2 标准CGI变量的Servlet等价表示
下表假定request对象是提供给doGet和doPost方法的HttpServletRequest类型对象。 CGI变量 含义 从doGet或doPost访问
AUTH_TYPE 如果提供了Authorization头,这里指定了具体的模式(basic或者digest)。 request.getAuthType()
CONTENT_LENGTH 只用于POST请求,表示所发送数据的字节数。 严格地讲,等价的表达方式应该是String.valueOf(request.getContentLength())(返回一个字符串)。但更常见的是用request.getContentLength()返回含义相同的整数。
CONTENT_TYPE 如果指定的话,表示后面所跟数据的类型。 request.getContentType()
DOCUMENT_ROOT 与http://host/对应的路径。 getServletContext().getRealPath("/")
注意低版本Servlet规范中的等价表达方式是request.getRealPath("/")。
HTTP_XXX_YYY 访问任意HTTP头。 request.getHeader("Xxx-Yyy")
PATH_INFO URL中的附加路径信息,即URL中Servlet路径之后、查询字符串之前的那部分。 request.getPathInfo()
PATH_TRANSLATED 映射到服务器实际路径之后的路径信息。 request.getPathTranslated()
QUERY_STRING 这是字符串形式的附加到URL后面的查询字符串,数据仍旧是URL编码的。在Servlet中很少需要用到未经解码的数据,一般使用getParameter访问各个参数。 request.getQueryString()
REMOTE_ADDR 发出请求的客户机的IP地址。 request.getRemoteAddr()
REMOTE_HOST 发出请求的客户机的完整的域名,如java.sun.com。如果不能确定该域名,则返回IP地址。 request.getRemoteHost()
REMOTE_USER 如果提供了Authorization头,则代表其用户部分。它代表发出请求的用户的名字。 request.getRemoteUser()
REQUEST_METHOD 请求类型。通常是GET或者POST。但偶尔也会出现HEAD,PUT, DELETE,OPTIONS,或者 TRACE. request.getMethod()
SCRIPT_NAME URL中调用Servlet的那一部分,不包含附加路径信息和查询字符串。 request.getServletPath()
SERVER_NAME Web服务器名字。 request.getServerName()

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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