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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial二、设置开发、运行环境_MySQL

二、设置开发、运行环境_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:07 PM
servletwebdevelopserverenvironmentset uprun

2.1 安装Servlet和JSP开发工具

   要学习Servlet和JSP开发,首先你必须准备一个符合Java Servlet 2.1/2.2和JavaServer Pages1.0/1.1规范的开发环境。Sun提供免费的JavaServer Web Development Kit(JSWDK),可以从http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/下载。

   安装好JSWDK之后,你还要告诉javac,在编译文件的时候到哪里去寻找Servlet和JSP类。JSWDK安装指南对此有详细说明,但主要就是把servlet.jar和jsp.jar加入CLASSPATH。CLASSPATH是一个指示Java如何寻找类文件的环境变量,如果不设置CLASSPATH,Java在当前目录和标准系统库中寻找类;如果你自己设置了CLASSPATH,不要忘记包含当前目录(即在CLASSPATH中包含“.”)。

   另外,为了避免和其他开发者安装到同一Web服务器上的Servlet产生命名冲突,最好把自己的Servlet放入包里面。此时,把包层次结构中的顶级目录也加入CLASSPATH会带来不少方便。请参见下文具体说明。


   2.2 安装支持Servlet的Web服务器

   除了开发工具之外,你还要安装一个支持Java Servlet的Web服务器,或者在现有的Web服务器上安装Servlet软件包。如果你使用的是最新的Web服务器或应用服务器,很可能它已经有了所有必需的软件。请查看Web服务器的文档,或访问http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/industry.html查看支持Servlet的服务器软件清单。

   虽然最终运行Servlet的往往是商业级的服务器,但是开始学习的时候,用一个能够在台式机上运行的免费系统进行开发和测试也足够了。下面是几种当前最受欢迎的产品。

Apache Tomcat.

Tomcat是Servlet 2.2和JSP 1.1规范的官方参考实现。Tomcat既可以单独作为小型Servlet、JSP测试服务器,也可以集成到Apache Web服务器。直到2000年早期,Tomcat还是唯一的支持Servlet 2.2和JSP 1.1规范的服务器,但已经有许多其它服务器宣布提供这方面的支持。

Tomcat和Apache一样是免费的。不过,快速、稳定的Apache服务器安装和配置起来有点麻烦,Tomcat也有同样的缺点。和其他商业级Servlet引擎相比,配置Tomcat的工作量显然要多一点。具体请参见http://jakarta.apache.org/。


JavaServer Web Development Kit (JSWDK).

JSWDK是Servlet 2.1和JSP 1.0的官方参考实现。把Servlet和JSP应用部署到正式运行它们的服务器之前,JSWDK可以单独作为小型的Servlet、JSP测试服务器。JSWDK也是免费的,而且具有很好的稳定性,但它的安装和配置也较为复杂。具体请参见http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/download.html。


Allaire JRun.

JRun是一个Servlet和JSP引擎,它可以集成到Netscape Enterprise或FastTrack Server、IIS、Microsoft Personal Web Server、版本较低的Apache、O'eilly的WebSite或者StarNine Web STAR。最多支持5个并发连接的限制版本是免费的,商业版本中不存在这个限制,而且增加了远程管理控制台之类的功能。具体请参见http://www.allaire.com/products/jrun/。


New Atlanta 的ServletExec

ServletExec是一个快速的Servlet和JSP引擎,它可以集成到大多数流行的Web服务器,支持平台包括Solaris、Windows、MacOS、HP-UX和Linux。ServletExec可以免费下载和使用,但许多高级功能和管理工具只有在购买了许可之后才可以使用。New Atlanta还提供一个免费的Servlet调试器,该调试器可以在许多流行的Java IDE下工作。具体请参见http://newatlanta.com/。

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