Go language tuning: T and t, what you must know about performance optimization

For the time type in the Go language, time.Time represents an absolute point in time, occupies 8 bytes of memory, and is often used to record the time when an event occurs. time.Duration represents the time interval, occupies 8 bytes of memory, and is often used to calculate time differences. In terms of performance, time.Time is more expensive than time.Duration because time.Time contains the time zone and nanosecond parts. In actual combat, time.Duration can be used to replace time.Time for performance optimization to obtain more accurate time measurement results.

Go language tuning: T and t, must know for performance optimization

In the Go language, the type of the variable will be directly affect its performance. For time types, there are two different types: time.Time and time.Duration. Understanding the difference between the two is critical for performance optimization.

Time.Time

• represents an absolute point in time, down to nanoseconds.
• can be parsed and formatted in different formats.
• Occupies 8 bytes of memory.
• Commonly used in scenarios such as recording the time of an event and generating a unique ID.

Time.Duration

• represents the time interval, which can be expressed in nanoseconds, milliseconds, seconds and other units.
• Occupies 8 bytes of memory.
• Commonly used in scenarios such as calculating the difference between two time points and setting the timeout.

Performance difference

In terms of performance, time.Time has a greater overhead than time.Duration . This is because time.Time contains not only the time value but also the time zone and nanosecond components, while time.Duration only contains the time interval.

Practical case

Consider the following code snippet:

func main() {
    t1 := time.Now()
    time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
    t2 := time.Now()
    elapsed := t2.Sub(t1)
}

In this code, we use time.Time to Measures a 100 millisecond sleep period. However, this measurement may be affected due to time.Time overhead.

To improve performance, we can use time.Duration instead, as shown below:

func main() {
    start := time.Now()
    time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
    elapsed := time.Since(start)
}

Using time.Duration, we can avoid time.Time overhead, resulting in more accurate measurement results.

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