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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMysql日期和时间函数(1)_MySQL

 

这里是一个使用日期函数的例子。下面的查询选择了所有记录,其date_col的值是在最后30天以内:

mysql> SELECT something FROM table
WHERE TO_DAYS(NOW()) - TO_DAYS(date_col)

DAYOFWEEK(date)
返回日期date的星期索引(1=星期天,2=星期一, ……7=星期六)。这些索引值对应于ODBC标准。
mysql> select DAYOFWEEK('1998-02-03');
-> 3

WEEKDAY(date)
返回date的星期索引(0=星期一,1=星期二, ……6= 星期天)。
mysql> select WEEKDAY('1997-10-04 22:23:00');
-> 5
mysql> select WEEKDAY('1997-11-05');
-> 2

DAYOFMONTH(date)
返回date的月份中日期,在1到31范围内。
mysql> select DAYOFMONTH('1998-02-03');
-> 3

DAYOFYEAR(date)
返回date在一年中的日数, 在1到366范围内。
mysql> select DAYOFYEAR('1998-02-03');
-> 34

MONTH(date)
返回date的月份,范围1到12。
mysql> select MONTH('1998-02-03');
-> 2

DAYNAME(date)
返回date的星期名字。
mysql> select DAYNAME("1998-02-05");
-> 'Thursday'

MONTHNAME(date)
返回date的月份名字。
mysql> select MONTHNAME("1998-02-05");
-> 'February'

QUARTER(date)
返回date一年中的季度,范围1到4。
mysql> select QUARTER('98-04-01');
-> 2

WEEK(date)
 
WEEK(date,first)
对于星期天是一周的第一天的地方,有一个单个参数,返回date的周数,范围在0到52。2个参数形式WEEK()允许
你指定星期是否开始于星期天或星期一。如果第二个参数是0,星期从星期天开始,如果第二个参数是1,
从星期一开始。
mysql> select WEEK('1998-02-20');
-> 7
mysql> select WEEK('1998-02-20',0);
-> 7
mysql> select WEEK('1998-02-20',1);
-> 8

YEAR(date)
返回date的年份,范围在1000到9999。
mysql> select YEAR('98-02-03');
-> 1998

HOUR(time)
返回time的小时,范围是0到23。
mysql> select HOUR('10:05:03');
-> 10

MINUTE(time)
返回time的分钟,范围是0到59。
mysql> select MINUTE('98-02-03 10:05:03');
-> 5

SECOND(time)
回来time的秒数,范围是0到59。
mysql> select SECOND('10:05:03');
-> 3

PERIOD_ADD(P,N)
增加N个月到阶段P(以格式YYMM或YYYYMM)。以格式YYYYMM返回值。注意阶段参数P不是日期值。
mysql> select PERIOD_ADD(9801,2);
-> 199803

PERIOD_DIFF(P1,P2)
返回在时期P1和P2之间月数,P1和P2应该以格式YYMM或YYYYMM。注意,时期参数P1和P2不是日期值。
mysql> select PERIOD_DIFF(9802,199703);
-> 11

DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type)
 
DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expr type)
 
ADDDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type)
 
SUBDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type)
这些功能执行日期运算。对于MySQL 3.22,他们是新的。ADDDATE()和SUBDATE()是DATE_ADD()和DATE_SUB()的同义词。
在MySQL 3.23中,你可以使用+和-而不是DATE_ADD()和DATE_SUB()。(见例子)date是一个指定开始日期的
DATETIME或DATE值,expr是指定加到开始日期或从开始日期减去的间隔值一个表达式,expr是一个字符串;它可以以
一个“-”开始表示负间隔。type是一个关键词,指明表达式应该如何被解释。EXTRACT(type FROM date)函数从日期
中返回“type”间隔。下表显示了type和expr参数怎样被关联: type值 含义 期望的expr格式
SECOND 秒 SECONDS
MINUTE 分钟 MINUTES
HOUR 时间 HOURS
DAY 天 DAYS
MONTH 月 MONTHS
YEAR 年 YEARS
MINUTE_SECOND 分钟和秒 "MINUTES:SECONDS"
HOUR_MINUTE 小时和分钟 "HOURS:MINUTES"
DAY_HOUR 天和小时 "DAYS HOURS"
YEAR_MONTH 年和月 "YEARS-MONTHS"
HOUR_SECOND 小时, 分钟, "HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS"
DAY_MINUTE 天, 小时, 分钟 "DAYS HOURS:MINUTES"
DAY_SECOND 天, 小时, 分钟, 秒 "DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS"

MySQL在expr格式中允许任何标点分隔符。表示显示的是建议的分隔符。如果date参数是一个DATE值并且你的计算仅仅
包含YEAR、MONTH和DAY部分(即,没有时间部分),结果是一个DATE值。否则结果是一个DATETIME值。

mysql> SELECT "1997-12-31 23:59:59" + INTERVAL 1 SECOND;
-> 1998-01-01 00:00:00
mysql> SELECT INTERVAL 1 DAY + "1997-12-31";
-> 1998-01-01
mysql> SELECT "1998-01-01" - INTERVAL 1 SECOND;
-> 1997-12-31 23:59:59
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",
INTERVAL 1 SECOND);
-> 1998-01-01 00:00:00
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",
INTERVAL 1 DAY);
-> 1998-01-01 23:59:59
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",
INTERVAL "1:1" MINUTE_SECOND);
-> 1998-01-01 00:01:00
mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB("1998-01-01 00:00:00",
INTERVAL "1 1:1:1" DAY_SECOND);
-> 1997-12-30 22:58:59
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1998-01-01 00:00:00",
INTERVAL "-1 10" DAY_HOUR);
-> 1997-12-30 14:00:00
mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB("1998-01-02", INTERVAL 31 DAY);
-> 1997-12-02
mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM "1999-07-02");
-> 1999
mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR_MONTH FROM "1999-07-02 01:02:03");
-> 199907
mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(DAY_MINUTE FROM "1999-07-02 01:02:03");
-> 20102

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