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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial基础教程:用MySQL创建数据库和数据库表_MySQL

 

本文从基础入手来帮助大家打开MySQL数据库之门。

1、使用SHOW语句找出在上当前存在什么数据库:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>> SHOW DATABASES; 
+----------+ 
| Database | 
+----------+ 
| mysql | 
| test | 
+----------+ 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

2、创建一个数据库abccs :mysql> CREATE DATABASE abccs; 注意不同对大小写的敏感。

 

3、选择你所创建的数据库:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> USE abccs 
Database changed

此时你已经进入你刚才所建立的数据库abccs。

 

4、 创建一个数据库表:

 

首先看现在你的数据库中存在什么表:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> SHOW TABLES; 
Empty set (0.00 sec)

说明刚才建立的数据库中还没有数据库表。下面来创建一个数据库表mytable:

我们要建立一个你公司员工的生日表,表的内容包含员工姓名、性别、出生日期、出生城市。

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> CREATE TABLE mytable (name VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1), 
-> birth DATE, birthaddr VARCHAR(20)); 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

由于name、birthadd的列值是变化的,因此选择VARCHAR,其长度不一定是20。可以选择从1到255的任何长度,如果以后需要改变它的字长,可以使用ALTER TABLE语句。);性别只需一个字符就可以表示:“m”或“f”,因此选用CHAR(1);birth列则使用DATE数据类型。

 

创建了一个表后,我们可以看看刚才做的结果,用SHOW TABLES显示数据库中有哪些表:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> SHOW TABLES; 
+---------------------+ 
| Tables in menagerie | 
+---------------------+ 
| mytables | 
+---------------------+

 

5、显示表的结构:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> DESCRIBE mytable; 
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+----+---+ 
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | 
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+----+--+ 
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | 
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | 
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | | 
| deathaddr | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | 
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+--+-+ 
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

6、 往表中加入记录:

 

我们先用SELECT命令来查看表中的数据:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> select * from mytable; 
Empty set (0.00 sec)

这说明刚才创建的表还没有记录。

 

加入一条新记录:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> insert into mytable 
-> values (′abccs′,′f′,′1977-07-07′,′china′); 
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

 

再用上面的SELECT命令看看发生了什么变化。我们可以按此方法一条一条地将所有员工的记录加入到表中。

 

7、用文本方式将数据装入一个数据库表:

 

如果一条一条地输入,很麻烦。我们可以用文本文件的方式将所有记录加入你的数据库表中。创建一个文本文件“mysql.txt”,每行包含一个记录,用定位符(tab)把值分开,并且以在CREATE TABLE语句中列出的列次序给出,

例如:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>abccs f 1977-07-07 china   
mary f 1978-12-12 usa 
tom m 1970-09-02 usa

 

使用下面命令将文本文件“mytable.txt”装载到mytable表中:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE "mytable.txt" INTO TABLE pet;

再使用如下命令看看是否已将数据输入到数据库表中:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>mysql> select * from mytable;
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