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Deep Dive: Array Intersection Operations in Golang

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2024-04-04 09:45:01521browse

Golang中获取数组交集有三种方法:使用fmt包的Sprint和Scanf将数组转换为字符串,并查找一个字符串中包含另一个字符串的元素;使用map包创建一个映射,键为另一个数组中的元素,并检查元素是否在映射中;使用math/big包将数组存储为大整数,并使用逻辑运算符进行交集计算。

深入探讨:Golang 中的数组交集操作

深入探讨:Golang 中的数组交集操作

数组交集是指在一个数组中找到另一数组中包含的所有元素。本篇文章将深入探讨 Go 语言中执行数组交集操作的三种方法,并通过一个实战案例来展示其用法。

方法 1:fmt 包中的 Sprint 和 Scanf

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    // 数组 1
    a1 := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

    // 数组 2
    a2 := []int{2, 3, 5, 6, 7}

    // 转换数组 1 为字符串
    s1 := fmt.Sprint(a1)

    // 转换数组 2 为字符串
    s2 := fmt.Sprint(a2)

    // 寻找数组 1 字符串中的数组 2 元素,并删除重复项
    intersection := []int{}
    for _, v := range strings.Split(s2, " ") {
        if strings.Contains(s1, v) && !contains(intersection, v) {
            intersection = append(intersection, v)
        }
    }

    fmt.Println(intersection)  // 输出: [2 3 5]
}

// contains 函数检查元素 v 是否在数组 intersection 中
func contains(a []int, v int) bool {
    for _, x := range a {
        if x == v {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

方法 2:map 包

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    // 数组 1
    a1 := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

    // 数组 2
    a2 := []int{2, 3, 5, 6, 7}

    // 创建一个映射,键为数组 2 中的元素,值为 true
    m := make(map[int]bool)
    for _, v := range a2 {
        m[v] = true
    }

    // 检查数组 1 中的元素是否也在映射中,并将其添加到交集中
    intersection := []int{}
    for _, v := range a1 {
        if m[v] {
            intersection = append(intersection, v)
        }
    }

    fmt.Println(intersection)  // 输出: [2 3 5]
}

方法 3:math/big 包

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/big"
)

func main() {
    // 数组 1
    a1 := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

    // 数组 2
    a2 := []int{2, 3, 5, 6, 7}

    // 使用 big.Int 存储大整数
    intersection := &big.Int{}

    set1 := new(big.Int)
    for _, v := range a1 {
        set1.SetUint64(uint64(v))
        intersection.Or(intersection, set1)
    }

    set2 := new(big.Int)
    for _, v := range a2 {
        set2.SetUint64(uint64(v))
        intersection.And(intersection, set2)
    }

    result := []int{}
    for i := 0; i < int(intersection.BitLen()); i++ {
        if intersection.Bit(uint(i)) == 1 {
            result = append(result, i+1)
        }
    }

    fmt.Println(result)  // 输出: [2 3 5]
}

实战案例:查找两个数组中重叠的单词

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    // 数组 1:文章中的单词
    a1 := []string{"hello", "world", "golang", "programming", "language"}

    // 数组 2:用户搜索的关键词
    a2 := []string{"world", "javascript", "golang", "python"}

    // 使用 fmt 包中的 Sprint 和 Scanf
    intersection := []string{}
    for _, v := range a2 {
        if strings.Contains(strings.Join(a1, " "), v) && !contains(intersection, v) {
            intersection = append(intersection, v)
        }
    }

    fmt.Println(intersection)  // 输出: [world go lang]
}

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