Detailed explanation of three methods to find the intersection of two arrays in PHP

Question: Given two arrays, write a function to calculate their intersection.

Example 1:

Input: nums1 = [1,2,2,1],nums2 = [2,2]

Output: [2]

Example 2:

Input: nums1 = [4,9,5], nums2 = [9,4,9,8,4]

Output: [9,4]

Note:

Each element in the output result must be unique.

We can ignore the order of output results.

Solution 1: Iterate an array

Idea analysis:

Iterate an array and determine whether there is another array

PHP Code implementation:

/**
 * @param Integer[] $nums1
 * @param Integer[] $nums2
 * @return Integer[]
 */
function intersection($nums1, $nums2) {
    $res = [];
    for($i=0;$i<count($nums1);$i++){
        if(in_array($nums1[$i],$nums2)){
            $res[] = $nums1[$i];
        }
    }
    return array_unique($res);
}

Usage:

$nums2 = [2,4,6,7,8,99];
$nums1 = [1,2,5,9,9,66,89,90,99,99];
var_dump(intersection($nums1, $nums2));

Complexity analysis:

Time complexity: O(mn)

Solution two: built-in Array function

Idea analysis:

Use array_intersect() function to get the intersection of arrays, and then use array_unique() to remove duplicates

PHP code implementation:

/**
 * @param Integer[] $nums1
 * @param Integer[] $nums2
 * @return Integer[]
 */
function intersection($nums1, $nums2) {
    return array_unique(array_intersect($nums1,$nums2));
}

Usage:

$nums2 = [2,4,6,7,8,99];
$nums1 = [1,2,5,9,9,66,89,90,99,99];
var_dump(intersection($nums1, $nums2));

Solution Three: Violent Solution

Idea Analysis:

First merge the two arrays into one array , then loop through twice to find

PHP code implementation:

/**
 * @param Integer[] $nums1
 * @param Integer[] $nums2
 * @return Integer[]
 */
function intersection($nums1, $nums2) {
    $new_arr = array_merge(array_unique($nums1),array_unique($nums2));
    $res = [];
    for($i=0;$i<count($new_arr);$i++){
        for($j=$i+1;$j<count($new_arr);$j++){
            if($new_arr[$i] == $new_arr[$j]){
                $res[] = $new_arr[$i];
            }
        }
    }
    return array_unique($res);
}

Usage:

$nums2 = [2,4,6,7,8,99];
$nums1 = [1,2,5,9,9,66,89,90,99,99];
var_dump(intersection($nums1, $nums2));

Complexity analysis:

Time complexity: O(n ^2)

Solution 4: Double pointers

Idea analysis:

First sort the two arrays and push forward through the double pointers to search

PHP code implementation:

/**
 * @param Integer[] $nums1
 * @param Integer[] $nums2
 * @return Integer[]
 */
function intersection($nums1, $nums2) {
    sort($nums1);
    sort($nums2);
    $i = $j = 0;
    $res = [];
    while($i < count($nums1) && $j < count($nums2)){
        if($nums1[$i] == $nums2[$j]){
            $res[] = $nums1[$i];
            $i++;
            $j++;
        }elseif($nums1[$i] < $nums2[$j]){
            $i++;
        }elseif($nums1[$i] > $nums2[$j]){
            $j++;
        }
    }
    return array_unique($res);
}

Usage:

$nums2 = [2,4,6,7,8,99];
$nums1 = [1,2,5,9,9,66,89,90,99,99];
var_dump(intersection($nums1, $nums2));

Complexity analysis:

Time complexity: O(nlogn)

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