做开发的时候要做MySQL的数据库同步,两台安装一样的系统,都是FreeBSD5.4,安装了Apache 2.0.55和PHP 4.4.0,MySQL的版本是4.1.15,都是目前最新的版本。
1. 安装配置
两台服务器,分别安装好MySQL,都安装在 /usr/local/MySQL 目录下(安装步骤省略,请参考相关文档),两台服务器的IP分别是192.168.0.1和192.168.0.2,我们把192.168.0.1作为master数据库,把192.168.0.2作为slave服务器,我们采用单向同步的方式,就是master的数据是主的数据,然后slave主动去master哪儿同步数据回来。
两台服务器的配置一样,我们把关键的配置文件拷贝一下,默认的配置文件是在 /usr/local/MySQL/share/MySQL目录下,分别有 my-large.cnf, my-medium.cnf, my-small.cnf等几个文家,我们只是测试,使用my-medium.cnf就行了。MySQL安装完后,默认的配置文件是指定在数据库存放目录下的,我们用的是4.1.X的,所以配置文件就应该在 /usr/local/MySQL/var 目录下,于是把配置文件拷贝过去:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>cp /usr/local/MySQL/share/MySQL/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/MySQL/var/my.cnf |
两台服务器做相同的拷贝配置文件操作。
2. 配置Master服务器
我们要把192.168.0.1配置为主MySQL服务器(master),那么我们就要考虑我们需要同步那个数据库,使用那个用户同步,我们这里为了简单起见,就使用root用户进行同步,并且只需要同步数据库abc。
打开配置文件:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>vi /usr/local/MySQL/var/my.cnf |
找到一下信息:
<ccid_code></ccid_code># required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 //1为master,2为salve |
添加两行:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>sql-bin-update-same //同步形式 binlog-do-db = abc //要同步的数据库 |
重启192.168.0.1的MySQL服务器:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQLadmin shutdown /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQLd_safe --user=MySQL & |
3. 配置Slave服务器
我们的slave服务器主要是主动去master服务器同步数据回来,我们编辑配置文件:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>vi /usr/local/MySQL/var/my.cnf |
找到下面类似的信息:
<ccid_code></ccid_code># required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 |
把上面的server-id修改为2,同时添加一些信息:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>server-id = 2 //本MySQL是slave服务器 master-host = 192.168.0.1 //master服务器的IP master-user = root //连接master服务器的用户 master-password = '' //连接master服务器的密码 master-port = 3306 //连接端口 master-connect-retry = 10 //重试次数 replicate-do-db = abc //要同步的数据库 log-slave-updates //同步的形式 |
重启192.168.0.2的MySQL服务器:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQLadmin shutdown /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQLd_safe --user=MySQL & |
4. 测试安装
首先查看一下slave的主机日志:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>cat /usr/local/MySQL/var/xxxxx_err (xxx是主机名) |
检查是否连接正常, 看到类似这样的信息就成功了
<ccid_code></ccid_code>051031 11:42:40 MySQLd started 051031 11:42:41 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 43634 /usr/local/MySQL/libexec/MySQLd: ready for connections. Version: '4.1.15-log' socket: '/tmp/MySQL.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution 051031 11:42:41 [Note] Slave SQL thread initialized, starting replication in log 'FIRST' at position 0, relay log './new4-relay-bin.000001' position: 4 051031 11:43:21 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'root@192.168.0.1:3306', replication started in log 'FIRST' at position 4 |
在Master查看信息
<ccid_code></ccid_code>/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL -u root |
查看master状态:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>MySQL> show master status; |
查看Master下MySQL进程信息:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>MySQL> show processlist; |
在slave上查看信息:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL -u root |
查看slave状态:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>MySQL> show slave status; |
查看slave下MySQL进程信息:
<ccid_code></ccid_code>MySQL> show processlist; |
你再在master的abc库里建立表结构并且插入数据,然后检查slave有没有同步这些数据,就能够检查出是否设置成功。
最后,如果有兴趣的话,可以研究一下双击热备份,或者一台master,多台slave的同步实现。

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MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The steps to build a MySQL database include: 1. Create a database and table, 2. Insert data, and 3. Conduct queries. First, use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE statements to create the database and table, then use the INSERTINTO statement to insert the data, and finally use the SELECT statement to query the data.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.


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