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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial教你怎样在两台MySQL数据库间实现同步_MySQL

教你怎样在两台MySQL数据库间实现同步_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:03 PM
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做开发的时候要做MySQL的数据库同步,两台安装一样的系统,都是FreeBSD5.4,安装了Apache 2.0.55和PHP 4.4.0,MySQL的版本是4.1.15,都是目前最新的版本。

1. 安装配置

两台服务器,分别安装好MySQL,都安装在 /usr/local/MySQL 目录下(安装步骤省略,请参考相关文档),两台服务器的IP分别是192.168.0.1和192.168.0.2,我们把192.168.0.1作为master数据库,把192.168.0.2作为slave服务器,我们采用单向同步的方式,就是master的数据是主的数据,然后slave主动去master哪儿同步数据回来。

两台服务器的配置一样,我们把关键的配置文件拷贝一下,默认的配置文件是在 /usr/local/MySQL/share/MySQL目录下,分别有 my-large.cnf, my-medium.cnf, my-small.cnf等几个文家,我们只是测试,使用my-medium.cnf就行了。MySQL安装完后,默认的配置文件是指定在数据库存放目录下的,我们用的是4.1.X的,所以配置文件就应该在 /usr/local/MySQL/var 目录下,于是把配置文件拷贝过去:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>cp /usr/local/MySQL/share/MySQL/my-medium.cnf  /usr/local/MySQL/var/my.cnf

两台服务器做相同的拷贝配置文件操作。

2. 配置Master服务器

我们要把192.168.0.1配置为主MySQL服务器(master),那么我们就要考虑我们需要同步那个数据库,使用那个用户同步,我们这里为了简单起见,就使用root用户进行同步,并且只需要同步数据库abc。

打开配置文件:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>vi /usr/local/MySQL/var/my.cnf

找到一下信息:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code># required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id        = 1    //1为master,2为salve

添加两行:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>sql-bin-update-same     //同步形式
binlog-do-db     = abc  //要同步的数据库

重启192.168.0.1的MySQL服务器:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQLadmin shutdown
/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQLd_safe --user=MySQL &

3. 配置Slave服务器

我们的slave服务器主要是主动去master服务器同步数据回来,我们编辑配置文件:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>vi /usr/local/MySQL/var/my.cnf

找到下面类似的信息:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code># required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id        = 1

把上面的server-id修改为2,同时添加一些信息:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>server-id                   = 2          //本MySQL是slave服务器
master-host             = 192.168.0.1    //master服务器的IP
master-user             = root           //连接master服务器的用户
master-password   = ''                   //连接master服务器的密码
master-port              = 3306          //连接端口
master-connect-retry    = 10             //重试次数
replicate-do-db        = abc             //要同步的数据库
log-slave-updates                        //同步的形式

重启192.168.0.2的MySQL服务器:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQLadmin shutdown
/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQLd_safe --user=MySQL &

4. 测试安装

首先查看一下slave的主机日志:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>cat /usr/local/MySQL/var/xxxxx_err (xxx是主机名)

检查是否连接正常, 看到类似这样的信息就成功了

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>051031 11:42:40  MySQLd started
051031 11:42:41  InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 43634
/usr/local/MySQL/libexec/MySQLd: ready for connections.
Version: '4.1.15-log'  socket: '/tmp/MySQL.sock' 
 port: 3306  Source distribution
051031 11:42:41 [Note] Slave SQL thread initialized, 
starting replication in log 'FIRST' 
at position 0, relay log './new4-relay-bin.000001' position: 4
051031 11:43:21 [Note] Slave I/O 
thread: connected to master 'root@192.168.0.1:3306',  
replication started in log 'FIRST' at position 4

在Master查看信息

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL -u root

查看master状态:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>MySQL> show master status;

查看Master下MySQL进程信息:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>MySQL> show processlist;

在slave上查看信息:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL -u root

查看slave状态:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>MySQL> show slave status;

查看slave下MySQL进程信息:

 

<ccid_code></ccid_code>MySQL> show processlist;

你再在master的abc库里建立表结构并且插入数据,然后检查slave有没有同步这些数据,就能够检查出是否设置成功。

最后,如果有兴趣的话,可以研究一下双击热备份,或者一台master,多台slave的同步实现。

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