Detailed explanation of plural types and their usage in Go language

The complex number type in the Go language is complex128, which can represent numbers with real and imaginary parts and is declared through complex (real part, imaginary part); complex numbers support addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operations, implemented through overloaded operators; the complex package Provides real, imag, abs, conj and other functions to handle complex numbers; practical case: use complex numbers to verify Euler's formula, calculate e^(ix) and compare it with cos(x) i * sin(x).

Complex number types in Go language

Complex number types represent numbers with real and imaginary parts. In Go, it is represented as a complex128 type, which is stored as a 128-bit floating point number underneath.

Declaring a Complex Number

To declare a complex number, simply place the real and imaginary parts within a pair of complex brackets, using or - numbers connect them. For example:

var c complex128 = 3 + 4i

Complex number operations

Complex numbers support all standard arithmetic operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. These operations are accomplished through overloaded operators.

// 加法
c1 += c2

// 减法
c1 -= c2

// 乘法
c1 *= c2

// 除法
c1 /= c2

Complex number functions

complex The package also provides a large number of functions for processing complex numbers, including:

• real(c): Returns the real part of the complex number c
• imag(c): Returns the real part of the complex number c Imaginary part
• abs(c): Returns the absolute value of the complex number c
• conj(c): Returns the complex number# The conjugate complex number of ##c

Practical case

Calculate Euler’s formula

Euler The formula states that for any real number

x, e^(ix) = cos(x) i * sin(x). We can verify this formula using the complex types in Go.

import "math"

func main() {
    var x float64 = math.Pi / 2

    // 计算 e^(ix)
    c := complex(math.Cos(x), math.Sin(x))

    // 比较 e^(ix) 和 cos(x) + i * sin(x)
    if real(math.Exp(1i*x)) == real(c) && imag(math.Exp(1i*x)) == imag(c) {
        fmt.Println("欧拉公式验证成功")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("欧拉公式验证失败")
    }
}

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