我们知道可以将一个海量记录的 MySQL 大表根据主键、时间字段,条件字段等分成若干个表甚至保存在若干服务器中。
唯一的问题就是跨服务器批量查询麻烦,只能通过应用程序来解决。谈谈在Java中的解决思路。其他语言原理类似。
这里说的分表不是 MySQL 5.1 的 partition,而是人为把一个表分开存在若干表或不同的服务器。
1. 应用程序级别实现
见示意图
SelectThreadManager 分表数据查询管理器
它为分表的每个database or server 建立一个 thread pool
addTask() - 添加任务
stopTask() - 停止任务
getResult() - 获取执行结果
最快的执行时间 = 最慢的 MySQL 节点查询消耗时间
最慢的执行时间 = 超时时间
某个 ThreadPool 忙时候处理流程
1. 假如 ThreadPoolN 非常忙,(也意味 DB N 非常忙);
2. 新的查询任务到来,addTask(), 新的任务的一个thread加到ThreadPoolN任务排队中
3. 外层应用已经获得其他 thread 返回结果,继续等待
4. 外层应用等待超时的时间到,调用 stopTask() 设置该任务全部 thread 中的停止标志, 外层应用返回。
5. 若干时间后,ThreadPoolN取到该排队 Thread, 因为设置了停止位,线程直接运行完成。
2. JDBC 层实现
做一个 JDBC Driver 的包装,拦截 PreparedStatement, Statement 的 executeQuery()
然后调用 SelectThreadManager 完成
3. MySQL partition
MySQL 5.1 的 partition 功能由于单张表的数据跨文件,批量查询时候同样存在上述问题,不过它是在 MySQL 内部实现的,不需要外部调用者关心。其查询实现的原理应该大致类似。
但 partition 只解决了 IO 的瓶颈,并不能解决 CPU 计算的瓶颈,因此无法代替传统的手工分表方式

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