Linux环境中,安装好MySQL后,还不能直接启动服务,必须先对数据库进行初始化。初始化的工作主要包括:
初始化日志、表空间等数据库必须的文件;
创建并初始化系统数据库(mysql)。
初始化完成后,启动mysqld守护进程,方可访问数据库。
在Windows的环境下,安装包内已经自带了一个初始化好的环境,安装后展开在mysql根目录的data子目录。所以并不需要手工进行初始化。但是某些情况下,也可能需要从零开始初始化数据库,比如:
数据文件被破坏,需要重建;
希望保留现有环境不动,建立一个新的环境;
希望建立一个干净的环境。
不幸的是,Linux环境下是利用mysql_install_db.sh脚本初始化数据库环境的;而在Windows版中并没有提供相应的脚本。那么该怎么办呢?
经过对Linux环境下的mysql_install_db.sh的分析,发现初始化数据库的命令主要是以下几行:
mysql_install_db.sh # Pipe mysql_system_tables.sql to "mysqld --bootstrap" s_echo "Installing MySQL system tables..." if { echo "use mysql;"; cat $create_system_tables $fill_system_tables; } | eval "$filter_cmd_line" | $mysqld_install_cmd_line > /dev/null then s_echo "OK" s_echo "Filling help tables..." # Pipe fill_help_tables.sql to "mysqld --bootstrap" if { echo "use mysql;"; cat $fill_help_tables; } | $mysqld_install_cmd_line > /dev/null then s_echo "OK" ...... |
其中:
$create_system_tables、$fill_system_tables和$fill_help_tables分别是创建系统数据库、初始化系统数据库中的数据、和初始化帮助数据;
$filter_cmd_line是过滤掉主机名(用于交叉初始化非本机运行数据库环境的情况,可忽略);
$mysqld_install_cmd_line主要是"mysqld --bootstrap"命令;
分析清楚上述内容,就可以自己手工初始化数据库了。具体步骤如下:
设置mysql配置文件。主要是设置basedir(mysql的home目录,如:/opt/mysql-5.1.40)和datadir(数据库文件目录,如:/var/db/mysql)两个参数。
初始化数据库目录,检查/var/db/mysql和/var/db/mysql/mysql(系统数据库)目录是否存在,若不存在则手工创建之。
准备初始化数据库的sql脚本。将/opt/mysql-5.1.40/share目录下的mysql_system_tables.sql、 mysql_system_tables_data.sql和fill_help_tables.sql三个文件拷贝到/tmp目录下,并在每个文件的最开始插入“use mysql;”一行。
执行下列命令,初始化数据库:
/opt/mysql-5.1.40/bin/mysqld.exe --bootstrap --console
/opt/mysql-5.1.40/bin/mysqld.exe --bootstrap --console
/opt/mysql-5.1.40/bin/mysqld.exe --bootstrap --console
运行/opt/mysql-5.1.40/bin/mysqld.exe启动数据库服务(注意:停止数据库服务的命令是/opt/mysql-5.1.40/bin/mysqladmin.exe -uroot shutdown)。
运行/opt/mysql-5.1.40/bin/mysql.exe -uroot,访问数据库服务,验证数据库是否正常。
至此数据库已初始化完毕,可以正常访问了。

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