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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial用distinct在MySQL中查询多条不重复记录值_MySQL

在使用mysql时,有时需要查询出某个字段不重复的记录,虽然mysql提供有distinct这个关键字来过滤掉多余的重复记录只保留一条,但往往只用它来返回不重复记录的条数,而不是用它来返回不重记录的所有值。其原因是distinct只能返回它的目标字段,而无法返回其它字段,这个问题让我困扰了很久,用distinct不能解决的话,我只有用二重循环查询来解决,而这样对于一个数据量非常大的站来说,无疑是会直接影响到效率的。所以我花了很多时间来研究这个问题,网上也查不到解决方案,期间把朋友拉来帮忙,结果是我们两人都郁闷了!


下面先来看看例子:


table

id name

1 a

2 b

3 c

4 c

5 b


库结构大概这样,这只是一个简单的例子,实际情况会复杂得多。


比如我想用一条语句查询得到name不重复的所有数据,那就必须使用distinct去掉多余的重复记录。


select distinct name from table

得到的结果是:


name

a

b

c


好像达到效果了,可是,我想要得到的是id值呢?改一下查询语句吧:


select distinct name, id from table


结果会是:


id name

1 a

2 b

3 c

4 c

5 b


distinct怎么没起作用?作用是起了的,不过他同时作用了两个字段,也就是必须得id与name都相同的才会被排除……


我们再改改查询语句:


select id, distinct name from table


很遗憾,除了错误信息你什么也得不到,distinct必须放在开头。难到不能把distinct放到where条件里?能,照样报错。。。。。。。


很麻烦吧?确实,费尽心思都没能解决这个问题。没办法,继续找人问。


拉住公司里一JAVA程序员,他给我演示了oracle里使用distinct之后,也没找到mysql里的解决方案,最后下班之前他建议我试试group by。


试了半天,也不行,最后在mysql手册里找到一个用法,用group_concat(distinct name)配合group by name实现了我所需要的功能,兴奋,天佑我也,赶快试试。


报错。。。。。。。。。。。。郁闷。。。。。。。连mysql手册也跟我过不去,先给了我希望,然后又把我推向失望,好狠哪。。。。


再仔细一查,group_concat函数是4.1支持,晕,我4.0的。没办法,升级,升完级一试,成功。。。。。。


终于搞定了,不过这样一来,又必须要求客户也升级了。


突然灵机一闪,既然可以使用group_concat函数,那其它函数能行吗?


赶紧用count函数一试,成功,我。。。。。。。想哭啊,费了这么多工夫。。。。。。。。原来就这么简单……


现在将完整语句放出:


select *, count(distinct name) from table group by name


结果:


id name count(distinct name)

1 a 1

2 b 1

3 c 1


最后一项是多余的,不用管就行了,目的达到。


唉,原来mysql这么笨,轻轻一下就把他骗过去了,郁闷也就我吧(对了,还有容容那家伙),现在拿出来希望大家不要被这问题折腾。


哦,对,再顺便说一句,group by 必须放在 order by 和 limit之前,不然会报错.

更郁闷的事情发生了,在准备提交时容容发现,有更简单的解决方法:


select id, name from table group by name


看来对mysql的了解还是太肤浅了,不怕被笑话,发出来让大家别犯同样的错误。

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