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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL查询优化系列讲座之查询优化器(2)_MySQL

  为了使这个查询的效率更高,给其中一个联结列添加索引并重新执行EXPLAIN语句:

mysql> ALTER TABLE t2 ADD INDEX (i2);
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT t1.i1, t2.i2 FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.i1 = t2.i2G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: t1
type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 1000
Extra:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: t2
type: ref
possible_keys: i2
key: i2
key_len: 5
ref: sampdb.t1.i1
rows: 10
Extra: Using where; Using index

  我们可以看到性能提高了。T1的输出没有改变(表明还是需要进行全表扫描),但是优化器处理t2的方式就有所不同了:

  ? 类型从ALL改变为ref,意味着可以使用参考值(来自t1的值)来执行索引查找,定位t2中合格的数据行。

  ? 参考值在参考(ref)字段中给出了:sampdb.t1.i1。

  ? 行数值从1000降低到了10,显示出优化器相信对于t1中的每一行,它只需要检查t2中的10行(这是一个悲观的估计值。实际上,在t2中只有一行与t1中数据行匹配。我们在后面会看到如何帮助优化器改善这个估计值)。数据行组合的全部估计值使1000×10=10000。它比前面的没有索引的时候估计出来的一百万好多了。

  对t1进行索引有价值吗?实际上,对于这个特定的联结操作,扫描一张表是必要的,因此没有必要对t1建立索引。如果你想看到效果,可以索引t1.i1并再次运行EXPLAIN:

mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 ADD INDEX (i1);
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT t1.i1, t2.i2 FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.i1 = t2.i2G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: t1
type: index
possible_keys: i1
key: i1
key_len: 5
ref: NULL
rows: 1000
Extra: Using index
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: t2
type: ref
possible_keys: i2
key: i2
key_len: 5
ref: sampdb.t1.i1
rows: 10
Extra: Using where; Using index

  上面的输出与前面的EXPLAIN的输出相似,但是添加索引对t1的输出有一些改变。类型从NULL改成了index,附加(Extra)从空的改成了Using index。这些改变表明,尽管对索引的值仍然需要执行全表扫描,但是优化器还是可以直接从索引文件中读取值,根据不需要使用数据文件。你可以从MyISAM表中看到这类结果,在这种情况下,优化器知道自己只询问索引文件就能够得到所有需要的信息。对于InnoDB 和BDB表也有这样的结果,在这种情况下优化器可以单独使用索引中的信息而不用搜索数据行。

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