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Encapsulation refers to binding data and methods together to create an independent entity (object). Through encapsulation, the internal state of an object can be hidden and only the necessary interfaces can be exposed to the outside world.
Access modifiers:
Data hiding:
benefit:
Abstract class
Abstract class is a special type of class that cannot be instantiated and can only be inherited by subclasses. An abstract class defines an interface that subclasses must implement, while the concrete implementation is left to the subclasses.
Abstract Method:
@abstractmethod
NotImplementedError
benefit:
Advanced Application
Encapsulation and abstract classes are important concepts in Object-orientedprogramming and are widely used in python.
Access control:
Interface-oriented programming:
Polymorphism:
Template method:
Best Practices
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