CentOS 6.0(X64)下编译安装LNMP平台( Nginx1.0.10 + PHP5.3.8 +_MySQL
LNMPCentOSNginx
bitsCN.comCentOS 6.0(X64)下编译安装LNMP平台( Nginx1.0.10 + PHP5.3.8 + Mysql5.5.18 )
一、CentOS 6安装
1.1 使用VMware 虚拟机进行安装,进行安装界面
(分配内存必须大于1G,否则不会显示图型安装界面,网络设置使用“桥接模式” 即"Bridged"模式)
1.2 选择 Install or upgrade an existing system
1.3 在"Disc found" 框 选择 "skip"
1.4 next 选择 "chinese(simplified)(中文(简介 )) next
1.5 选择 "美国英语式" 下一步
1.6 选择 "基本 存储设备" 下一步
1.7 弹出"警告"框时,选择"重新初始化所有"
1.8 主机名可以保留默认,点击”配置网络“ 弹出“网络连接” 双击“System eth0"
1.9 弹出“正在编辑 System eth0" 选择"自动连接" 点击"应用“ ,点击”关闭“ 关闭”网络连接“框 下一步
1.10 不要选择“系统时钟使用UTC时间” 下一步
1.11 输入并确认 ”根密码“ 下一步
1.12 选择"替换现有Linux系统 " 下一步 “将修改写入磁盘"
1.13 选择"Basic Server" 下一步
1.14 大概一共590个软件包,复制安装完成后,点击“重新引导”,重新启动计算机
1.15 (安装完成后,可以将虚拟机内存由1G,改为512M)
二、更新centos6
2.1 更新
yum update -y
2.2 查看版本,确认为"CentOS Linux release 6.0 (Final)"
lsb_release -a
2.2 安装编译器
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
三、安装Google-perftools (使用tcmalloc 加速 mysql 和 nginx)
3.1下载需要的文件
下载 libunwind-1.0.1.tar.gz 到 /usr/local/src
3.2 安装libunwind
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf libunwind-1.0.1.tar.gz
cd libunwind-1.0.1
./configure --enable-shared
make && make install
3.3 安装google-perftools
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf google-perftools-1.8.3.tar.gz
cd google-perftools-1.8.3
./configure --enable-shared --enable-frame-pointers
make && make install
3.4 更新,使动态链接库能够被系统共享
echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf
ldconfig
四、安装mysql
4.1.下载文件
下载 ncurses-5.9.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载 bison-2.5.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载 cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载 mysql-5.5.18.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
4.2 安装ncurses
yum install ncurses-devel -y
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf ncurses-5.9
./configure
make && make install
4.3 安装cmake
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.6
./bootstrap
make && make install
4.4 安装bison
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf bison-2.5.tar.gz
cd bison-2.5
./configure
make && make install
4.5 创建mysql需要的目录、配置用户和用户组
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
4.6.安装mysql (需要 cmake ncurses-devel bison 库)
4.6.1 安装
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf mysql-5.5.18.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.18
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/ -DWITH_SSL=yes -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_READLINE=on
make && make install
4.6.2 创建软连接
ln -s /opt/mysql/lib/lib* /usr/lib/
4.6.3 配置mysql数据库
cd /opt/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql
4.6.4 复制配置文件
cp ./support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
4.6.5 修改配置文件,设置默认使用utf8编码
vim /etc/my.cnf
在[client]下添加一行
default-character-set = utf8
在[mysqld]下添加一行
character-set-server = utf8
4.6.6 设置mysql开机自动启动服务
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
4.6.7 修改服务配置文件
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
根据设定需要,修改mysqld文件中的下面两项
basedir=/opt/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
4.6.8 启动mysqld服务
service mysqld start
4.6.9 数据库初始化及修改root密码(root初始密码为空)
./bin/mysql_secure_installation
根据提示操作
4.6.10 软连接mysql
ln -s /opt/mysql/bin/mysql /bin
4.6.11 重启centos后,尝试用root连接mysql
mysql -u root -p
成功登录后查看状态
status;
4.6.12 使用tcmalloc优化mysql ( 需要安装google-perftools)
修改MySQL启动脚本(根据你的MySQL安装位置而定)
vim /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
在# executing mysqld_safe的下一行,加上:
export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so
4.6.13 重启服务,查看tcmalloc是否生效 (第二条命令显示即生效)
service mysqld restart
lsof -n | grep tcmalloc
如果显示以下类似的信息,即表示tcmalloc生效
[root@localhost mysql]# lsof -n|grep tcmalloc
mysqld 30347 mysql mem REG 253,0 2177570 544322 /usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so.0.2.2
五、安装Nginx
5.1.准备安装
下载 pcre-8.20.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载 nginx-1.0.10.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
5.2 更新包
yum install zlib* openssl* -y
5.3 安装Pcre
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf pcre-8.20.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.20
./configure
make && make install
5.4 创建www用户和组,创建www虚拟主机使用的目录,以及Nginx使用的日志目录,并且赋予他们适当的权限
groupadd www
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data/www
chmod +w /data/www
chown -R www:www /data/www
为tcmalloc添加目录,并且赋予适当权限
mkdir -p /tmp/tcmalloc/
chown -R www:www /tmp/tcmalloc/
5.1 安装Nginx (需要 pcre google-perftools 库)
5.5.1 安装
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf nginx-1.0.10.tar.gz
伪装服务器信息(可以不修改)
cd nginx-1.0.10/src/core
vim ./src/core/nginx.h
修改NGINX_VERSION为你希望显示的版号
修改NGINX_VER为你希望显示的名称
修改NGINX_VAR 为你希望显示的名称
保存
开始安装
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module
make && make install
5.4.2 修改 nginx.conf ,令nginx可以 google-perftools实现加速
vim /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
修改前面几行为:
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log logs/error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc/;
events{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
5.4.3 测试和运行
cd /opt/nginx
./sbin/nginx -t
如果显示下面信息,即表示配置没问题
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
输入代码运行nginx服务
./sbin/nginx
ps au|grep nginx
如果显以类似下面的信息,即表示nginx已经启动
root 2013 0.0 0.0 103156 856 pts/0 S+ 03:22 0:00 grep nginx
输入代码检测是否支持加速
lsof -n | grep tcmalloc
如果显示类似下面的信息,即表示支持tcmalloc加速 (mysqld和nginx两个线程都支持)
mysqld 20818 mysql mem REG 253,0 2177570 281050 /usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so.0.2.2
nginx 29454 www 25w REG 253,0 0 288399 /tmp/tcmalloc/.29454
nginx 29455 www 27w REG 253,0 0 288403 /tmp/tcmalloc/.29455
5.5.4 打开防火墙80端口
写入规则,保存并重启服务
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
/etc/init.d/iptables restart
查看防火墙信息
/etc/init.d/iptables status
如果显示以下类似信息,即表示已经打开了80端口
1 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80
5.5.5 编写nginx 启动服务
cd /etc/init.d
vim nginx
输入以下代码并保存
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse /
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
killall -9 nginx
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
保存后,设置权限,并添加到启动服务列表中
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig --level nginx
service nginx start
六、安装PHP
6.1 准备安装
下载php-5.3.6.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载 libiconv-1.14.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载 libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
下载libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz到/usr/local/src
yum -y install autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libXpm* <code class="plain">gcc gcc-c++<br><br>
5.2 安装libiconv (加强系统对支持字符编码转换的功能)
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
5.3 安装libmcrypt(加密算法库,PHP扩展mcrypt功能对此库有依耐关系,要使用mcrypt必须先安装此库)
5.3.1 安装libmcrypt
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure
make && make install
5.3.2安装libltdl
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
5.3.3 更新共享
ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib64/
ln -sf /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/lib64/
#ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib64/
ldconfig
5.4 安装mhash(hash加密算法库)
5.4.1 安装mhash
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9
./configure
make && make install
5.4.2更新共享
ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.* /usr/lib64/
ldconfig
5.5 安装mcrypt
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8
ldconfig
./configure
make && make install
5.6 安装php
5.6.1 创建mysql软连接、ldap软连接
mkdir -p /opt/mysql/include/mysql<br>ln -s /opt/mysql/include/* /opt/mysql/include/mysql/
ln -s /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib
5.6.2 安装
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf php-5.3.8.tar.gz
cd php-5.3.8
./configure --prefix=/opt/php --with-config-file-path=/opt/php/etc --with-mysql=/opt/mysql --with-mysqli=/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --disable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
5.6.3 复制配置文件
cp php.ini-production /opt/php/etc/php.ini
5.6.4 安装memcache
扩展(已经安装PHP)
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zvxf memcache-2.2.6
.tar.gz
cd memcache-2.2.6
/opt/php/bin/phpize
cd memcache-2.2.6
ldconfig
./configure --with-php-config=/opt/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
修改php配置文件,支持memcache
vim /opt/php/etc/php.ini
在文件中搜索extension_dir、extension ,在相应位置添加下面两行
extension_dir = "/opt/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"
extension = "memcache.so"
5.6.5 安装eaccelerator
扩展(已经安装PHP)
cd /usr/local/src/
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
/opt/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/opt/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
修改php配置文件,支持eaccelerator
vim /opt/php/etc/php.ini
在文件尾加入以下代码
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/opt/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="32"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.log_file = "/opt/php/var/log/eaccelerator_log"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
增加eaccelerator目录
mkdir -p /tmp/eaccelerator
5.6.5 安装php-fpm
cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vim /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
修改以下地方
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = log/php-fpm.log
emergency_restart_threshold = 10
emergency_restart_interval = 1m
process_control_timeout = 5s
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
[www]
user = www
group = www
5.6.6 修改nginx,支持php
vim /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
找到并修改以下代码
location ~ /.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/www$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
5.6.7将php-fpm 作为服务运行
cd /usr/local/src/php-5.3.8
cp ./sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 700 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig --level 345 php-fpm on
服务方式启动php-fpm
service php-fpm restart
5.6.8 编写测试页面
vim /data/www/index.php
输入代码
5.6.8 打开浏览器进行测试
bitsCN.com

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MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

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The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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