search
HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial深入理解SET NAMES和mysql(i)_set_charset的区别_MySQL

bitsCN.com

  最近公司组织了个PHP安全编程的培训, 其中涉及到一部分关于Mysql的”SET NAMES”和mysql_set_charset (mysqli_set_charset)的内容:

  说到, 尽量使用mysqli_set_charset(mysqli:set_charset)而不是”SET NAMES”, 当然, 这个内容在PHP手册中也有叙及, 但是却没有解释为什么.

  最近有好几个朋友问我这个问题, 到底为什么?

  问的人多了, 我也就觉得可以写篇blog, 专门介绍下这部分的内容了.

  首先, 很多人都不知道”SET NAMES”到底是做了什么,

  我之前的文章深入MySQL字符集设置中, 曾经介绍过character_set_client/character_set_connection/character_set_results这三个MySQL的”环境变量”, 这里再简单介绍下,

  这三个变量, 分别告诉MySQL服务器, 客户端的编码集, 在传输给MySQL服务器的时候的编码集, 以及期望MySQL返回的结果的编码集.

  比如, 通过使用”SET NAMES utf8″, 就告诉服务器, 我用的是utf-8编码, 我希望你也给我返回utf-8编码的查询结果.

  一般情况下, 使用”SET NAMES”就足够了, 也是可以保证正确的. 那么为什么手册又要说推荐使用mysqli_set_charset(PHP>=5.0.5)呢?

  首先, 我们看看mysqli_set_charset到底做了什么(注意星号注释处, mysql_set_charset类似):

 

  //php-5.2.11-SRC/ext/mysqli/mysqli_nonapi.c line 342

  PHP_FUNCTION(mysqli_set_charset)

  {

  MY_MYSQL *mysql;

  zval *mysql_link;

  char *cs_name = NULL;

  unsigned int len;

  if (zend_parse_method_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, getThis()

  , "Os", &mysql_link, mysqli_link_class_entry, &cs_name, &len) == FAILURE) {

  return;

  }

  MYSQLI_FETCH_RESOURCE(mysql, MY_MYSQL*, &mysql_link, "mysqli_link"

  , MYSQLI_STATUS_VALID);

  if (mysql_set_character_set(mysql->mysql, cs_name)) {

  //** 调用libmysql的对应函数

  RETURN_FALSE;

  }

  RETURN_TRUE;

  }

 

  那mysql_set_character_set又做了什么呢?

 

  //mysql-5.1.30-SRC/libmysql/client.c, line 3166:

  int STDCALL mysql_set_character_set(MYSQL *mysql, const char *cs_name)

  {

  struct charset_info_st *cs;

  const char *save_csdir= charsets_dir;

  if (mysql->options.charset_dir)

  charsets_dir= mysql->options.charset_dir;

  if (strlen(cs_name)

  (cs= get_charset_by_csname(cs_name, MY_CS_PRIMARY, MYF(0))))

  {

  char buff[MY_CS_NAME_SIZE + 10];

  charsets_dir= save_csdir;

  /* Skip execution of "SET NAMES" for pre-4.1 servers */

  if (mysql_get_server_version(mysql)

  return 0;

  sprintf(buff, "SET NAMES %s", cs_name);

  if (!mysql_real_query(mysql, buff, strlen(buff)))

  {

  mysql->charset= cs;

  }

  }

  //以下省略

 

  我们可以看到, mysqli_set_charset除了做了”SET NAMES”以外, 还多做了一步:

 

  sprintf(buff, "SET NAMES %s", cs_name);

  if (!mysql_real_query(mysql, buff, strlen(buff)))

  {

  mysql->charset= cs;

  }

 

  而对于mysql这个核心结构的成员charset又有什么作用呢?

  这就要说说mysql_real_escape_string()了, 这个函数和mysql_escape_string的区别就是, 它会考虑”当前”字符集. 那么这个当前字符集从哪里来呢?

  对了, 你猜的没错, 就是mysql->charset.

  mysql_real_string在判断宽字符集的字符的时候, 就根据这个成员变量来分别采用不同的策略, 比如如果是utf-8, 那么就会采用libmysql/ctype-utf8.c.

  看个实例, 默认mysql连接字符集是latin-1, (经典的5c问题):

 

  

  $db = mysql_connect('localhost:3737', 'root' ,'123456');

  mysql_select_db("test");

  $a = "/x91/x5c";//"

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Apr 19, 2025 am 12:24 AM

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonMySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonApr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Learning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersLearning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersApr 19, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterMySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesMySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:22 AM

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedMySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

The Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesThe Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:12 AM

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

MySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementMySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.