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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySql官方手册学习笔记1—MySql简单上手_MySQL

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      这是我学习MySql 5.1时做的一些整理与笔记,希望能理一理自己学到的东西,如果能有助于各位同道学习MySql那就更是意外之喜了,呵呵。

 

连接与断开服务器

连接服务器通常需要提供一个MySQL用户名并且很可能需要一个 密码。如果服务器运行在登录服务器之外的其它机器上,还需要指定主机名:
shell> <strong>mysql -h <em>host</em> -u <em>user</em> -p</strong>
Enter password: <strong>********</strong>

host代表MySQL服务器运行的主机名,user代表MySQL账户用户名,******** 代表你的密码。

如果有效,你应该看见mysql>提示符后的一些介绍信息:

shell> <strong>mysql -h <em>host</em> -u <em>user</em> -p</strong>
Enter password: <strong>********</strong>
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 25338 to server version: 5.1.2-alpha-standard
 
Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.
 
mysql>

mysql> 提示符告诉你mysql准备为你输入命令。

一些MySQL安装允许用户以匿名(未命名)用户连接到本地主机上运行的服务器。如果你的机器是这种情况,你应该能不带任何选项地调用mysql与该服务器连接:

shell> <strong>mysql</strong>

成功地连接后,可以在mysql>提示下输入QUIT (或/q)随时退出:

mysql> QUIT
Bye

在Unix中,也可以按control-D键断开服务器。

 

简单熟悉一下

下面是一个简单的命令,要求服务器告诉它的版本号和当前日期。在mysql>提示输入如下命令并按回车键:

mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;//一个命令通常由SQL语句组成,随后跟着一个分号。
+-----------------+--------------+
| VERSION()       | CURRENT_DATE |
+-----------------+--------------+
| 5.1.2-alpha-log | 2005-10-11   |
+-----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec) 
mysql>

另外,mysql能够以大小写输入关键词。下列查询是等价的:

mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;
mysql> select version(), current_date;
mysql> SeLeCt vErSiOn(), current_DATE;

这是另外一个查询,它说明你能将mysql用作一个简单的计算器:

mysql> SELECT SIN(PI()/4), (4+1)*5;
+------------------+---------+
| SIN(PI()/4)      | (4+1)*5 |
+------------------+---------+
| 0.70710678118655 |      25 |
+------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

至此显示的命令是相当短的单行语句。你可以在一行上输入多条语句,只需要以一个分号间隔开各语句:

mysql> SELECT VERSION(); SELECT NOW();
+-----------------+
| VERSION()       |
+-----------------+
| 5.1.2-alpha-log |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
+---------------------+
| NOW()               |
+---------------------+
| 2005-10-11 15:15:00 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

不必全在一个行内给出一个命令,较长命令可以输入到多个行中。mysql是通过寻找终止分号来决定语句在哪儿结束的。(换句话说,mysql收集输入行但直到看见分号才执行。)

这里是一个简单的多行语句的例子:

mysql> SELECT
    -> <strong>USER()</strong>
    -> <strong>,</strong>
    -> <strong>CURRENT_DATE;</strong>
+---------------+--------------+
| USER()        | CURRENT_DATE |
+---------------+--------------+
| jon@localhost | 2005-10-11   |
+---------------+--------------+

在这个例子中,在输入多行查询的第一行后,要注意提示符从mysql>变为->,这正是mysql指出它没见到完整的语句并且正在等待剩余的部分。提示符是你的朋友,因为它提供有价值的反馈,如果使用该反馈,将总是知道mysql正在等待什么。

如果你决定不想执行正在输入过程中的一个命令,输入/c取消它:

mysql> SELECT
    -> <strong>USER()</strong>
    -> <strong>/c</strong>
mysql>

这里也要注意提示符,在你输入/c以后,它切换回到mysql>,提供反馈以表明mysql准备接受一个新命令。

下表显示出可以看见的各个提示符并简述它们所表示的mysql的状态:

提示符

含义

mysql>

准备好接受新命令。

->

等待多行命令的下一行。

'>

等待下一行,等待以单引号(“'”)开始的字符串的结束。

">

等待下一行,等待以双引号(“"”)开始的字符串的结束。

`>

等待下一行,等待以反斜点(‘`’)开始的识别符的结束。

/*>

等待下一行,等待以/*开始的注释的结束。

 

在字符串收集期间将出现 '> 和 "> 提示符(提示MySQL正等待字符串的结束)。在MySQL中,可以写由‘'’或‘"’字符括起来的字符串 (例如,'hello'或"goodbye"),并且mysql允许输入跨越多行的字符串。当看到一个 '> 或 "> 提示符时,这意味着已经输入了包含以‘'’或‘"’括号字符开始的字符串的一行,但是还没有输入终止字符串的匹配引号。这显示你粗心地省掉了一个引号字符。例如:

mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE name = 'Smith AND age 
    '>

如果你输入SELECT语句,然后按Enter(回车)键并等待结果,什么都没有出现。不要惊讶,“为什么该查询这么长呢?”,注意">提示符提供的线索。它告诉你mysql期望见到一个未终止字符串的余下部分。(你看见语句中的错误吗?字符串"Smith丢掉了第二个引号。)

走到这一步,你该做什么?最简单的是取消命令。然而,在这种情况下,你不能只是输入/c,因为mysql作为它正在收集的字符串的一部分来解释它!相反,应输入关闭的引号字符(这样mysql知道你完成了字符串),然后输入/c:

mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE name = 'Smith AND age 
    '> '/c
mysql>

提示符回到mysql>,显示mysql准备好接受一个新命令了。

`> 提示符类似于 '> 和"> 提示符,但表示你已经开始但没有结束以`> 开始的识别符。

知道'>和">提示符的含义很重要,因为如果你错误地输入一个未终止的字符串,任何后面输入的行将要被mysql忽略--包括包含QUIT的行!这可能令人相当困惑,特别是如果取消当前命令前还不知道你需要提供终止引号。

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