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mysql光速教程_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:47 PM
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// by redice 2010.07.26
// redice@163.com


为公司实习生写的MYSQL学习提纲,总结了一下在项目开发中用到最多的知识点,可以作为MYSQL快速入门的教程。

1  MYSQL列(字段)数据类型:

(1)字符串类

VARCHAR    可变长度的字符串 高达255字符
    适用于存储用户名,密码,电话号码,邮箱,地址等长度较短(小于255)的字符串

TEXT    没有最大长度限制的可变长度的字符串
    适用于存储文章内容,产品描述,用户留言等长度较大的(大于255)字符串
       

(2)整数类

TINYINT       这个类型最多可容纳三位数
SMALLINT       最多可容纳五位数
MEDIUMINT   最多可容纳八位数
INT       可以容纳十位数
BIGINT       最多可容纳二十位数


(3)小数类

DECIMAL      适用于存储含有小数的数字,例如,产品价格,销售额

DECIMAL(5+3,3)或 DECIMAL(8,3) 表示整数部分最多5位数,小数部分3位数


(4)时间日期类

DATE        以 yyyy-mm-dd格式的日期
TIME        以 hh:mm:ss格式的时间
DATETIME    以yyyy-mm-ddhh:mm:ss格式结合日期和时间,支持的范围为1000-01-01 00:00:00到9999-12-31 23:59:59,8个字节储存,时区转化(改变时区,显示不改变)
TIMESTAMP    以yyyy-mm-ddhh:mm:ss格式结合日期和时间,值不能早于1970或晚于2037,4个字节储存,与时区无关(改变时区,显示自动调整)

说明:可将时间日期类当做特殊的字符串类看待。

2 MYSQL常用的内置函数

(1)字符处理类

ASCII(str)        返回字符串str的第一个字符的ASCII值(str是空串时返回0)
CHAR(N,...)    返回由参数N,...对应的ASCII代码字符组成的一个字串(参数是N,...是数字序列,NULL值被跳过)
CONCAT(str1,str2,...)    把参数连成一个长字符串并返回(任何参数是NULL时返回NULL)
REPLACE(str,from_str,to_str)     用字符串to_str替换字符串str中的子串from_str并返回
UCASE(str) 或 UPPER(str)         返回大写的字符串str
CHAR_LENGTH(str)    返回字符串str的字符数(对于多字节字符仅计算一次)
LENGTH(str)或OCTET_LENGTH(str)    返回字符串str的字节数(对于多字节字符按字节数计算)

(2)时间日期类

CURDATE()        以YYYY-MM-DD格式返回当前日期值,返回字符串值
CURTIME()        以HH:MM:SS格式返回当前时间值(根据返回值所处上下文是字符串或数字),返回字符串值
NOW()         以YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS格式返回当前日期时间,返回字符串值
UNIX_TIMESTAMP(datetimestr)     返回一个Unix时间戳(从1970-01-01 00:00:00GMT开始的秒数,datetimestr默认值为当前时间),返回整数值
FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp) 以YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS格式返回时间戳的值,返回字符串值

提示:为了加速查询速度,大型系统通常把时间日期的时间戳值以INT(10)的格式存储。


3 SQL语句

SQL语句中,单引号来环绕文本(字符串)值,例如 redice  文本中含有单引号需要转义,例如 redices blog

如果是数值,不要使用引号

时间日期类型按文本(字符串)对待

(1)SELECT

SELECT 列名(字段名) FROM 表名称  WHERE 查询条件

聚合函数:
AVG(column),COUNT(column),MAX(column),MIN(column),SUM(column)

(2)DELETE

DELETE FROM 表名称 WHERE 查询条件

(3)INSERT

INSERT INTO 表名称 (列1, 列2,...) VALUES (值1, 值2,....)

例如:
insert into user (name,pass,age,regtime) values (redice,123456,24,now())

(4)UPDATE

UPDATE 表名称 SET 列1 = 值1,列2 = 值2,.... WHERE 查询条件

本文参考了w3school的部分文章: asp">http://www.w3school.com.cn/sql/index.asp

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