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在同个 Mysql 5 上运行多个实例_MySQL

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2016-06-01 13:44:44946browse

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一、前言:

 

  在Mysql中有一mysqld_multi命令,可用于在一台物理服务器运行多个Mysql服务,今天参考一些文档,亲自测试并通过,现将操作过程共享给大家!

 

操作系统: Redhat Enterprise AS 3,其它版的Linux应该也差不多.

数据库   : Mysql 5.0.22(RPM 安装)

 

规划:在一个Mysql 上运行2个实例

 

比如运行端口分别是3307 和3308

 

二、在Linux 下安装Mysql 5

 

     先查看一下系统有没有安装了Mysql,如果有的话,要先删除:

 

查看系统是否安装了mysql

rpm -qa|grep mysql

 

卸载

rpm -e --nodeps mysqlxxxx

 

加上选项,--nodeps,是为了忽略错误

 

 

     Mysql 官方推荐使用.rpm 文件安装Mysql,去官方下载了Server和Client两个rpm 文件,进行安装:

 

rpm -ivh MySQL-server-standard-5.0.22-0.rhel3.i386.rpm

rpm -ivh MySQL-client-standard-5.0.22-0.rhel3.i386.rpm

 

三、mysqld_multi 介绍:

 

        根据Mysql管理手册中提到:每个Mysql的服务都可为独立的,所以它都调用一个my.cnf中各自不同的启动选项--就是下文中将提到的GNR值,使用不同的端口,生成各自的套接文件,服务的数据库都是独立的(更多可查阅mysql官方网站的英文管理手册).

 

        mysqld_multi是管理多个mysqld的服务进程,这些服务进程程序不同的unix socket或是监听于不同的端口。他可以启动、停止和监控当前的服务状态。

 

        程序在my.cnf(或是在--config-file自定义的配置文件)中搜索[mysqld#]段,"#"可以是任意的正整数。这个正整数就是在下面提及的段序列,即GNR。段的序号做为mysqld_multi的参数,来区别不同的段,这样你就可以控制特定mysqld进程的启动、停止或得到他的报告信息。这些组里的参数就像启动一个mysqld所需要的组的参数一样。但是,如果使用多服务,必须为每个服务指定一个unix socket或端口(摘自http://mifor.4dian.org中的使用mysqld_multi程序管理多个MySQL服务)。

 

四、mysql_multi_exam.cnf 文件示例:

 

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld = /usr/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin = /usr/bin/mysqladmin

 

#用一个帐号来启动所有的mysql服务器,因为是用一相同的帐号。那个么这帐号必须都是每个mysql服务都要用的帐号,最好是管理帐号,下面的口令与相同

#是mysql下的用户,非linux下的用户

#这个mysql要通过root 给它赋权限,让它具有shutdown 和start mysql 的权限

#grant shutdown on *.* to 'boss'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'boss'

 

user = boss

password = boss

 

[mysqld1]

socket = /data/mysqldata/master/mysql.sock

port = 3307

pid-file = /data/mysqldata/master/mysql.pid

datadir = /data/mysqldata/master

user = boss

 

skip-locking

key_buffer = 16K

max_allowed_packet = 1M

table_cache = 4

sort_buffer_size = 64K

read_buffer_size = 256K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K

net_buffer_length = 2K

thread_stack = 64K

 

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,

# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.

# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.

# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows

# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!

#

#skip-networking

server-id = 1

 

# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates

#log-bin=mysql-bin

 

# Uncomment the following if you are NOT using BDB tables

#skip-bdb

 

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables

#innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/

#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/

#innodb_log_arch_dir = /var/lib/mysql/

# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %

# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high

#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M

#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M

# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size

#innodb_log_file_size = 5M

#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M

#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

 

[mysqld2]

socket = /data/mysqldata/slave/mysql.sock

port = 3308

pid-file = /data/mysqldata/slave/mysql.pid

datadir = /data/mysqldata/slave

user = boss

 

skip-locking

key_buffer = 16K

max_allowed_packet = 1M

table_cache = 4

sort_buffer_size = 64K

read_buffer_size = 256K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K

net_buffer_length = 2K

thread_stack = 64K

 

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,

# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.

# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.

# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows

# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!

#

#skip-networking

server-id = 1

 

# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates

#log-bin=mysql-bin

 

# Uncomment the following if you are NOT using BDB tables

#skip-bdb

 

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables

#innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/

#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/

#innodb_log_arch_dir = /var/lib/mysql/

# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %

# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high

#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M

#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M

# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size

#innodb_log_file_size = 5M

#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M

#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

 

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

 

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL

#safe-updates

 

[isamchk]

key_buffer = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 8M

 

[myisamchk]

key_buffer = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 8M

 

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

 

   

      从以上配置可以看出,我的配置文件中有mysqld1,mysqld2两个实例。就是说我将启动2个mysql服务在同一服务器的不同端口--3307和3308,每datadir所指定的数据库文件路径都是不相同的

 

五、利用Mysqld_multi 启动/停止 多实例Mysql

 

说明:

使用如下参数来启动mysqld_multi: (注:该命令在mysql的bin目录中,根据上面所提到./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql ,所以该文件应该在/usr/local/mysq/bin, 这得根据你安装时所指定的路径)

db-app:/ # mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR]...]

 

start,stop和report是指你想到执行的操作。你可以在单独的服务或是多服务上指定一个操作,区别于选项后面的GNR列表。如果没有指定GNR列表,那么mysqld_multi将在所有的服务中根据选项文件进行操作。

 

每一个GNR的值是组的序列号或是一个组的序列号范围。此项的值必须是组名字最后的数字,比如说如果组名为mysqld17,那么此项的值则为17.如果指定一个范围,使用"-"(破折号)来连接二个数字。如GNR的值为10-13,则指组mysqld10到组mysqld13。多个组或是组范围可以在命令行中指定,使用","(逗号)隔开。不能有空白的字符(如空格或tab),在空白字符后面的参数将会被忽略。(注:GNR值就是我们定义my.cnf中mysqld#中的值,我这里只有1-4).

 

启动mysql

mysqld_multi --config-file=/usr/share/mysql/mysql_multi_exam.cnf start 1-2

 

停止mysql

mysqld_multi --config-file=/usr/share/mysql/mysql_multi_exam.cnf stop 1-2

 

  

 

六、客户端访问

 

说明:

任何客户端访问都需要指定访问端口。方才能进入指定数据库服务.否则将使用到Mysql默认的端口(3306)所服务的MYSQL,如:

 

mysql -uboss -pboss -P3307 -h127.0.0.1

mysql -uboss -pboss -P3308 -h127.0.0.1

 

七、常见问题:

 

     a、/usr/bin/mysqld_multi 的启动错误

 

 

 

1. WARNING! my_print_defaults command not found!

....

2. FATAL ERROR: Tried to use mysqladmin in group [mysqld1],

but no mysqladmin binary was found.Please add "mysqladmin=..."

in group [mysqld_multi], or in group [mysqld1].

....

 

解决办法,#export PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin

 

 

     b、启动Mysql 客户端,老报/var/lib/mysql/temp.sock 的错误

 

 

返回/var/lib/mysql/temp.sock 的错误,一定要记住 加入-P 和-h才可以,如:

 

mysql -uboss -pboss -P3310 -h10.10.12.43

mysql -uboss -pboss -P3311 -h10.10.12.43

 

-h:带ip,如本机是127.0.0.1

-P:mysql 实例端口,如3307  

摘自:xgbjmxn

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