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在数据表中记录了用户验证时使用的书目，现在想取出所有书目，用DISTINCT和group by都取到了我想要的结果，但我发现返回结果排列不同，distinct会按数据存放顺序一条条显示，而group by会做个排序（一般是ASC）。 DISTINCT 实际上和 GROUP BY 操作的实现非常相似，只不过是在 GROUP BY 之后的每组中只取出一条记录而已。所以，DISTINCT 的实现和 GROUP BY 的实现也基本差不多，没有太大的区别，同样可以通过松散索引扫描或者是紧凑索引扫描来实现。 那DISTINCT 和GROUP BY哪个效率更高？ DISTINCT操作只需要找出所有不同的值就可以了。而GROUP BY操作还要为其他聚集函数进行准备工作。从这一点上将，GROUP BY操作做的工作应该比DISTINCT所做的工作要多一些。 但实际上，GROUP BY 效率会更高点，为什么呢？对于DISTINCT操作，它会读取了所有记录，而GROUP BY需要读取的记录数量与分组的组数量一样多，也就是说比实际存在的记录数目要少很多。
作者 lcffufly bitsCN.com
MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular DatabaseApr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AMMySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.
The Importance of MySQL: Data Storage and ManagementApr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AMMySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.
Why Use MySQL? Benefits and AdvantagesApr 12, 2025 am 12:17 AMMySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.
Describe InnoDB locking mechanisms (shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks, next-key locks).Apr 12, 2025 am 12:16 AMInnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.
What are common causes of poor MySQL query performance?Apr 12, 2025 am 12:11 AMThe main reasons for poor MySQL query performance include not using indexes, wrong execution plan selection by the query optimizer, unreasonable table design, excessive data volume and lock competition. 1. No index causes slow querying, and adding indexes can significantly improve performance. 2. Use the EXPLAIN command to analyze the query plan and find out the optimizer error. 3. Reconstructing the table structure and optimizing JOIN conditions can improve table design problems. 4. When the data volume is large, partitioning and table division strategies are adopted. 5. In a high concurrency environment, optimizing transactions and locking strategies can reduce lock competition.
When should you use a composite index versus multiple single-column indexes?Apr 11, 2025 am 12:06 AMIn database optimization, indexing strategies should be selected according to query requirements: 1. When the query involves multiple columns and the order of conditions is fixed, use composite indexes; 2. When the query involves multiple columns but the order of conditions is not fixed, use multiple single-column indexes. Composite indexes are suitable for optimizing multi-column queries, while single-column indexes are suitable for single-column queries.
How to identify and optimize slow queries in MySQL? (slow query log, performance_schema)Apr 10, 2025 am 09:36 AMTo optimize MySQL slow query, slowquerylog and performance_schema need to be used: 1. Enable slowquerylog and set thresholds to record slow query; 2. Use performance_schema to analyze query execution details, find out performance bottlenecks and optimize.
MySQL and SQL: Essential Skills for DevelopersApr 10, 2025 am 09:30 AMMySQL and SQL are essential skills for developers. 1.MySQL is an open source relational database management system, and SQL is the standard language used to manage and operate databases. 2.MySQL supports multiple storage engines through efficient data storage and retrieval functions, and SQL completes complex data operations through simple statements. 3. Examples of usage include basic queries and advanced queries, such as filtering and sorting by condition. 4. Common errors include syntax errors and performance issues, which can be optimized by checking SQL statements and using EXPLAIN commands. 5. Performance optimization techniques include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and improving code readability.
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