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MySQL分页查询 今天研究了一下MySQL的分页查询,记录并分享如下: 方式1: select * from table order by id limit m, n; 该语句的意思为,查询m+n条记录,去掉前m条,返回后n条记录。无疑该查询能够实现分页功能,但是如果m的值越大,查询的性能会越低(越后面的页数,查询性能越低),因为MySQL同样需要扫描过m+n条记录。 方式2: select * from table where id > #max_id# order by id limit n; 该查询每次会返回n条记录,却无需像方式1扫描过m条记录,在大数据量的分页情况下,性能可以明显好于方式1,但该分页查询必须要每次查询时拿到上一次查询(上一页)的一个最大id(或最小id)。该查询的问题就在于,我们有时没有办法拿到上一次查询(上一页)的最大id(或最小id),比如当前在第3页,需要查询第5页的数据,该查询方法便爱莫能助了。 方式3: 为了避免能够实现方式2不能实现的查询,就同样需要使用到limit m, n子句,为了性能,就需要将m的值尽力的小,比如当前在第3页,需要查询第5页,每页10条数据,当前第3页的最大id为#max_id#: select * from table where id > #max_id# order by id limit 20, 10; 其实该查询方式是部分解决了方式2的问题,但如果当前在第2页,需要查询第100页或1000页,性能仍然会较差。 方式4: select * from table as a inner join (select id from table order by id limit m, n) as b on a.id = b.id order by a.id; 该查询同方式1一样,m的值可能很大,但由于内部的子查询只扫描了字段id,而不是整张表,所以性能要强于方式1查询,并且该查询能够解决方式2和方式3不能解决的问题。 方式5: select * from table where id > (select id from table order by id limit m, 1) limit n; 该查询方式同方式4,同样通过子查询扫描字段id,效果同方式4。至于性能的话,方式5的性能会略好于方式4,因为方式5不需要在进行表的关联,而是一个简单的比较。 作者 刘彬 bitsCN.com

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB

MySQL/InnoDB supports four transaction isolation levels: ReadUncommitted, ReadCommitted, RepeatableRead and Serializable. 1.ReadUncommitted allows reading of uncommitted data, which may cause dirty reading. 2. ReadCommitted avoids dirty reading, but non-repeatable reading may occur. 3.RepeatableRead is the default level, avoiding dirty reading and non-repeatable reading, but phantom reading may occur. 4. Serializable avoids all concurrency problems but reduces concurrency. Choosing the appropriate isolation level requires balancing data consistency and performance requirements.

MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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