Full analysis of Oracle database versions: from earliest to latest

"Full analysis of Oracle database versions: from the earliest to the latest"

Oracle database, as the world's leading relational database management system, has experienced the development of multiple versions and evolution. From the earliest Oracle 1 to the latest Oracle 21c, each version brings new features and functionality. This article will start with the earliest version, gradually introduce the features of each major version of Oracle database, and provide code examples to demonstrate its usage and functions.

1. Oracle 1 (1979)

The first version of the Oracle database was Oracle 1, launched in 1979. This version is one of the earliest commercial SQL database management systems, introducing the concept of SQL as a data query and management language. Although the functionality of Oracle 1 was relatively simple, it laid the foundation for the Oracle database and laid the foundation for the development of future versions.

SELECT * FROM table_name;

2. Oracle 2 (1983)

Oracle 2 was a version released in 1983, which introduced important features such as transaction processing and table joins. These functions make Oracle database more powerful and stable in enterprise-level applications. In addition, Oracle 2 also introduced the PL/SQL programming language, allowing users to write stored procedures and triggers to enhance the functionality of the database.

CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name
AS
BEGIN
  -- procedure logic here
END;

3. Oracle 7 (1992)

Oracle 7 is a landmark version that introduces many important features, such as row-level locking and concurrent processing. In addition, Oracle 7 also introduced tools such as Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) and SQL*Plus, providing users with a more convenient way to manage and query the database.

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY (column_name);

4. Oracle 8 (1997)

Oracle 8 is an important version that introduces many new features, such as materialized views and partitioned tables. In addition, Oracle 8 also introduced Oracle JVM, allowing users to run Java code in the database. This provides users with more flexibility and scalability.

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_name
REFRESH COMPLETE
AS
SELECT * FROM table_name;

5. Oracle 9i (2001)

Oracle 9i is a performance- and manageability-focused version that introduces many optimizations and self-management features. These include features such as Automatic Segment Space Management (ASM) and Automatic Storage Management (ASM), designed to reduce administrator workload and improve database performance.

CREATE TABLE table_name
AS
SELECT * FROM another_table;

6. Oracle 10g (2005)

Oracle 10g is a version focused on grid computing and self-management, introducing many new features such as grid control functions such as processor and self-adjustment optimization. These features make Oracle database more flexible and adaptive.

CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name);

7. Oracle 11g (2007)

Oracle 11g is a version that focuses on high availability and security, introducing many new features such as data protection and real-time Application technology, etc. These include functions such as Flashback technology and virtualized databases, making database management and recovery simpler and more reliable.

ALTER INDEX index_name RENAME TO new_index_name;

8. Oracle 12c (2013)

Oracle 12c is a cloud computing and multi-tenant version that introduces many new features such as Pluggable database and database memory and other functions. These features make Oracle database more suitable for deployment and management in cloud environments and multi-user scenarios.

CREATE USER username IDENTIFIED BY password;

9. Oracle 18c (2018)

Oracle 18c is an automated and self-healing release that introduces many AI and machine learning technologies such as automatic database diagnostics and Automatic repair and other functions. These features make the database more intelligent and adaptive.

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = container_name;

10. Oracle 21c (2021)

Oracle 21c is the latest version and introduces many new features, such as JSON data type and native SQL/JSON query and other functions. In addition, Oracle 21c also supports functions such as automatic indexing and automatic SQL optimization, making the database more performant and efficient.

CREATE DATABASE LINK link_name
CONNECT TO username IDENTIFIED BY password
USING 'tns_alias';

Summary:

Oracle database has experienced the development and evolution of multiple versions, from the earliest Oracle 1 to the latest Oracle 21c, each version brings new features and functions . Through continuous innovation and the introduction of new functions, Oracle Database has become one of the world's leading relational database management systems and plays an important role in enterprise-level applications. I hope this article can provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the history and characteristics of various versions of the Oracle database.

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