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InnoDB引擎独立表空间innodb_file_per_table
使用过MySQL的同学,刚开始接触最多的莫过于MyISAM表引擎了,这种引擎的数据库会分别创建三个文件:表结构、表索引、表数据空间。我们可以将某个数据库目录直接迁移到其他数据库也可以正常工作。然而当你使用InnoDB的时候,一切都变了。
InnoDB 默认会将所有的数据库InnoDB引擎的表数据存储在一个共享空间中:ibdata1,这样就感觉不爽,增删数据库的时候,ibdata1文件不会自动收缩,单个数据库的备份也将成为问题。通常只能将数据使用mysqldump 导出,然后再导入解决这个问题。
在MySQL的配置文件[mysqld]部分,增加innodb_file_per_table参数。
可以修改InnoDB为独立表空间模式,每个数据库的每个表都会生成一个数据空间。
独立表空间:
优点:
1. 每个表都有自已独立的表空间。
2. 每个表的数据和索引都会存在自已的表空间中。
3. 可以实现单表在不同的数据库中移动。
4. 空间可以回收(除drop table操作处,表空不能自已回收)
a) Drop table操作自动回收表空间,如果对于统计分析或是日值表,删除大量数据后可以通过:alter table TableName engine=innodb;回缩不用的空间。
b) 对于使innodb-plugin的Innodb使用turncate table也会使空间收缩。
c) 对于使用独立表空间的表,不管怎么删除,表空间的碎片不会太严重的影响性能,而且还有机会处理。
缺点:
单表增加过大,如超过100个G。
结论:
共享表空间在Insert操作上少有优势。其它都没独立表空间表现好。当启用独立表空间时,请合理调整一 下:innodb_open_files 。
InnoDB Hot Backup(冷备)的表空间cp不会面对很多无用的copy了。而且利用innodb hot backup及表空间的管理命令可以实现单现移动。
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