Easily create your own applications with Django
Django is a Python framework for developing efficient web applications. It provides rich features and easy-to-use tools, allowing developers to quickly build powerful applications. This article explains how to create your own application using Django and provides some concrete code examples.
- Installing Django
First, you need to install Django on your machine. You can use the pip tool that comes with Python to install it. Open a terminal or command prompt and enter the following command:
pip install django
This will automatically download and install the latest version of Django.
- Create Django project
After installing Django, we can create a new Django project. Execute the following command on the terminal:
django-admin startproject myproject
This will create a directory called myproject and generate the initial Django project structure.
- Create a Django application
Enter the myproject directory and execute the following command to create a new Django application:
python manage.py startapp myapp
This will create a new Django application named directory for myapp and generate the initial Django application structure.
- Configure Django project
Next, we need to configure the Django project. Open the myproject/myproject/settings.py file and modify some parameters in it:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# ...
'myapp',
# ...
]
# ...
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
# ...
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'Add 'myapp' in the INSTALLED_APPS list to add our application to the Django project. Modify LANGUAGE_CODE to 'zh-hans' to set the default language to Simplified Chinese. Modify TIME_ZONE to 'Asia/Shanghai' to set the default time zone to Shanghai.
- Create a model
Model is one of the core concepts in Django, which is used to define the structure of data. Create a file named models.py in the myapp directory and define the model in it:
from django.db import models
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
content = models.TextField()
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)The above code defines an Article model, which contains the title, content and creation time of the article.
- Perform database migration
Django uses migration tools to manage database schema changes. Execute the following command on the terminal to create and apply the migration of the model:
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
This will automatically generate a migration file and apply the model to the database.
- Create View
View is responsible for processing HTTP requests and returning responses. Create a file named views.py in the myapp directory and define the view in it:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Article
def index(request):
articles = Article.objects.all()
return render(request, 'index.html', {'articles': articles})The above code defines a view function named index, queries all articles, and renders the index through the render function .html template.
- Create a template
The template is used to render the page. Create a directory named templates in the myapp directory and create a template file named index.html in it:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My Django App</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for article in articles %}
<li>{{ article.title }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>The above code defines an HTML page with a title and displays it through the template variable All article titles.
- Configure URL routing
URL routing is used to map requests to the corresponding views. Open the myproject/myproject/urls.py file and modify the code in it:
from django.urls import include, path
from myapp import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
]The above code maps the root URL to the index view.
- Running Django Server
Run the following command to start the Django development server:
python manage.py runserver
Now, you can visit http://localhost in your browser :8000/ to see the titles of all articles displayed on the page.
Through the above steps, we successfully created a simple Django application and implemented the display of articles. Of course, this is only a small part of Django's capabilities, and there are more powerful features that can help us build more complex applications. I hope this article will help you understand and use Django!
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