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简单使用MySQL的存储过程

 

MySQL5.0版本引进了存储过程的概念。存储过程可以提高执行效率,更容易维护。

在没有存储过程(procedure)概念之前,通常的业务逻辑sql代码有时很长,它们一般被嵌入在宿主语言(比如Java)中,非常不便于维护,而有了存储过程,它们被定义在数据库端,并且进行了预编译。而且业务逻辑SQL代码无需在网络中传输,减轻了网络负担。可以说存储过程的优点大于它的缺点。  www.bitsCN.com  

下面实现一个简单的加法存储过程。

[sql] 

mysql> delimiter $  

mysql> create procedure pr_add (a int , b int)  

    -> begin  

    -> declare c int;  

    -> if a is null then  

    -> set a = 0;  

    -> end if;  

    -> if b is null then  

    -> set b = 0;  

    -> end if;  

    -> set c = a + b;  

    -> select c as sum;  

    -> end;  

    -> $  

 

在命令行模式中运行存储过程:  www.bitsCN.com  

[sql] 

mysql> delimiter ;  

mysql> set @a = 10;  

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  

  

mysql> set @b = 20;  

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  

  

mysql> call pr_add(@a,@b);  

+------+  

| sum  |  

+------+  

|   30 |  

+------+  

1 row in set (0.00 sec)  

  

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  

 

在客户端执行存储过程:

[java] 

public class ProcedureTest {  

  

  

    private static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zjut";  

    private static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  

      

    private static final String USER = "root";  

    private static final String PASSWORD = "XXXXX";  

      

    private static String sql = "call pr_add(?,?)";  

      

    public static void main(String[] args) {  

          

        try {  

            Class.forName(DRIVER);  

            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASSWORD);  

            CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);  

            cstmt.setInt(1,10);  

            cstmt.setInt(2, 20);  

            ResultSet rs = cstmt.executeQuery();  

            while(rs.next()) {  

                System.out.println(rs.getInt("sum"));  

            }  

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {  

            e.printStackTrace();  

        } catch (SQLException e) {  

            e.printStackTrace();  

        }  

    }  

  

}  

 

关键代码是:

[java] 

CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall("call pr_add(?,?)");  

cstmt.setInt(1,10);  

cstmt.setInt(2, 20);  

ResultSet rs = cstmt.executeQuery();  

 

输出:

30

 

原理:首先创建SQL字符串,即 "call pr_add(?,?)" ,调用存储过程用call命令,call命令后跟存储过程名字,两个问号是占位符。

使用Connection对象创建CallableStatement对象,即 conn.prepareCall(sql); 该方法接受一个字符串,代表一个sql语句。

再用CallableStatement对象的executeQuery()执行SQL语句,返回一个ResultSet对象。

利用ResultSet对象遍历得到的数据。

 

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