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简单使用MySQL的存储过程
MySQL5.0版本引进了存储过程的概念。存储过程可以提高执行效率,更容易维护。
在没有存储过程(procedure)概念之前,通常的业务逻辑sql代码有时很长,它们一般被嵌入在宿主语言(比如Java)中,非常不便于维护,而有了存储过程,它们被定义在数据库端,并且进行了预编译。而且业务逻辑SQL代码无需在网络中传输,减轻了网络负担。可以说存储过程的优点大于它的缺点。 www.bitsCN.com
下面实现一个简单的加法存储过程。
[sql]
mysql> delimiter $
mysql> create procedure pr_add (a int , b int)
-> begin
-> declare c int;
-> if a is null then
-> set a = 0;
-> end if;
-> if b is null then
-> set b = 0;
-> end if;
-> set c = a + b;
-> select c as sum;
-> end;
-> $
在命令行模式中运行存储过程: www.bitsCN.com
[sql]
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> set @a = 10;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set @b = 20;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> call pr_add(@a,@b);
+------+
| sum |
+------+
| 30 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
在客户端执行存储过程:
[java]
public class ProcedureTest {
private static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zjut";
private static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
private static final String USER = "root";
private static final String PASSWORD = "XXXXX";
private static String sql = "call pr_add(?,?)";
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Class.forName(DRIVER);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASSWORD);
CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
cstmt.setInt(1,10);
cstmt.setInt(2, 20);
ResultSet rs = cstmt.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getInt("sum"));
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
关键代码是:
[java]
CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall("call pr_add(?,?)");
cstmt.setInt(1,10);
cstmt.setInt(2, 20);
ResultSet rs = cstmt.executeQuery();
输出:
30
原理:首先创建SQL字符串,即 "call pr_add(?,?)" ,调用存储过程用call命令,call命令后跟存储过程名字,两个问号是占位符。
使用Connection对象创建CallableStatement对象,即 conn.prepareCall(sql); 该方法接受一个字符串,代表一个sql语句。
再用CallableStatement对象的executeQuery()执行SQL语句,返回一个ResultSet对象。
利用ResultSet对象遍历得到的数据。
bitsCN.com

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