Comparative discussion of Go language coroutines and threads

Go language is an open source programming language. One of its unique features is that it supports coroutines. The CSP concurrency model makes it very convenient to use coroutines in Go. In contrast, threads are a more traditional way of concurrent programming. In this article, we will explore the differences between Go language coroutines and threads and illustrate them with specific code examples.

1. Basic definitions of coroutines and threads

In programming, coroutines are a more lightweight concurrency strategy than threads. In the Go language, you can easily create a coroutine through the go keyword, for example:

func main() {
    go func() {
        // 协程内容
    }()

    // 主线程内容
}

The thread is the smallest unit of operating system scheduling, and creating a thread requires more effort. system resources. In traditional multi-threaded programming, thread libraries are usually used to create and manage threads.

2. Scheduling methods of coroutines and threads

The Go language scheduler implements coroutine scheduling by allocating a work queue to each logical processor. When a coroutine blocks, the scheduler will remove it from the logical processor to avoid wasting resources. This scheduling method makes the coroutine of the Go language more efficient.

In contrast, thread scheduling is completed by the operating system. In traditional multi-threaded programming, thread context switching is determined by the operating system, which may introduce additional overhead.

3. Performance comparison between coroutines and threads

Since the scheduling of coroutines is managed by the runtime system of the Go language, the startup and destruction overhead of coroutines is very small, and Switching between coroutines is also more efficient. In comparison, the creation and destruction of threads is relatively expensive, and switching between threads also requires more system resources.

Below we use a simple example to compare the performance difference between coroutines and threads:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    start := time.Now()
    for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
        go func() {
            time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
        }()
    }
    fmt.Println("协程耗时：", time.Since(start))

    start = time.Now()
    for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
        go func() {
            time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
        }()
    }
    fmt.Println("线程耗时：", time.Since(start))
}

Through the above code example, we can see that using coroutines to start a thousand tasks The time required is much less than using threads. This shows that Go language coroutines have obvious advantages in performance.

4. Summary

Through the above comparison, we can draw the following conclusions:

• The coroutine of the Go language has faster startup and Destruction speed, more efficient scheduling method;
• The switching overhead of coroutines is smaller and the performance is higher;
• It is more convenient and efficient to use coroutines to write concurrent programs in Go language.

Therefore, in actual programming, if you need efficient concurrent programming, you can consider using coroutines in the Go language to replace the traditional thread programming method.

The above is an exploration of the differences between Go language coroutines and threads. I hope this article will be helpful to readers.

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