Conquer Python classes and objects and master the tools of object-oriented programming

1. The concept of classes and objects

In python, a class is a blueprint that defines an object template, which contains the properties and methods of the object. An object is an instance of a class that has the properties and methods defined by the class. We can use classes to create multiple objects with the same properties and methods.

# 定义一个名为Person的类
class Person:
# 类属性
species = "Homo sapiens"

# 构造方法
def __init__(self, name, age):
# 实例属性
self.name = name
self.age = age

# 实例方法
def greet(self):
print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old.")

# 创建Person类的实例
person1 = Person("John", 25)
person2 = Person("Mary", 30)

# 调用实例方法
person1.greet()
person2.greet()

Output result:

# 定义一个名为Student的类，继承自Person类
class Student(Person):
# 类属性
school = "MIT"

# 构造方法
def __init__(self, name, age, major):
# 调用父类的构造方法
super().__init__(name, age)

# 实例属性
self.major = major

# 实例方法
def study(self):
print(f"{self.name} is studying {self.major} at {self.school}.")

# 创建Student类的实例
student1 = Student("John", 25, "Computer Science")

# 调用实例方法
student1.greet()
student1.study()

Output result:

Hello, my name is John and I am 25 years old.
John is studying Computer Science at MIT.

5. Summary

Object-orientedProgramming is a powerful tool for building complex programs. It encapsulates data and behavior through classes and objects, making the code more maintainable and scalable. Python's object-oriented programming provides a wealth of features, including classes, objects, inheritance and polymorphism, allowing us to easily write complex programs.

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