Python HTTP request practice: from entry to proficiency

1. HttpRequest basic knowledge

HTTP request is a request message in which a client sends a request to the server to obtain resources or perform an operation. An HTTP request consists of three parts: request line, request header and request body.

1. Request line

The request line contains three parts: request method, request path and HTTP protocol version. For example, the request line for a GET request might look like this:

GET /index.html HTTP/1.1

Among them, GET is the request method, /index.html is the request path, and HTTP/1.1 is the HTTP protocol version.

2. Request header

The request header contains some additional information about the request, such as the source of the request, the language of the request, the data type of the request, etc. For example, a request header might look like this:

Host: www.example.com
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9
Content-Type: application/x-www-fORM-urlencoded

Among them, Host is the source of the request, Accept-Language is the language of the request, and Content-Type is the data type of the request.

3. Request body

The request body is the request and contains the requested data. For example, the request body of a POST request might look like this:

username=johndoe&passWord=secret

Among them, username and password are the requested data.

2. How to use python to send HTTP request

You can use Python's requests library to send HTTP requests. The requests library is a very popular HTTP library that provides rich functions and easy-to-use interfaces.

1. Install requests library

You can use the pip command to install the requests library:

pip install requests

2. Send HTTP request

Sending HTTP requests using the requests library is very simple. You only need to call the requests.get(), requests.post(), requests.put() or requests.delete() method. For example, the following code demonstrates how to use the requests library to send a GET request:

import requests

response = requests.get("https://www.example.com")
print(response.text)

Among them, requests.get("https://www.example.com") is to send an HTTP GET request, and response.text is to obtain the HTTP response.

3. Processing HTTP response

Use the requests library to conveniently handle HTTP responses. The HTTP response contains the data returned by the server and some other information, such as HTTP status code, HTTP header, etc.

1. HTTP status code

HTTP status code is a three-digit number that indicates the server's response status to the request. Common status codes are as follows:

• 200 OK: Request successful
• 404 Not Found: The requested resource does not exist
• 500 Internal Server Error: Server internal error

2. HTTP header

The HTTP header contains some additional information about the response, such as the data type of the response, the length of the response, etc. For example, an HTTP header might look like this:

Content-Type: application/JSON
Content-Length: 123

Among them, Content-Type is the data type of the response, and Content-Length is the length of the response.

3. response

The response is the response data. You can use the response.text property to get the text format of the response, or you can use the response.content property to get the binary format of the response.

IV. Summary

This article describes how to use Python to send HTTP requests and process HTTP responses. The requests library is a very popular HTTP library that provides rich functions and easy-to-use interfaces, which can help us easily send HTTP requests and process HTTP responses.

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