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用MySQL Slow Log解决MySQL CPU占用高的问题

 

在Linux VPS系统上有时候会发现MySQL占用CPU高,导致系统的负载比较高。这种情况很可能是某个SQL语句执行的时间太长导致的。优化一下这个SQL语句或者优化一下这个SQL引用的某个表的索引一般能解决问题。

 

但是怎么找到是哪个SQL语句的执行时间过长呢?可以通过MySQL Slow Log来找,详解如下。

 

首先找到MySQL的配置文件my.cnf,根据不同版本的mysql开启慢查询的配置也不一样

 

mysql 5.0

 

[mysqld]

long_query_time = 1

log-slow-queries = /var/log/mysql/slow.log

 

mysql 5.1

 

[mysqld]

long_query_time = 1

slow_query_log=1

slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log

 

long_query_time 是指执行超过多久的sql会被log下来,这里是1秒。

log-slow-queries和slow_query_log_file 设置把日志写在哪里

 

把上述参数打开,运行一段时间,就可以关掉了,省得影响生产环境

 

接下来就是分析了,我这里的文件名字叫 /var/log/mysql/slow.log。

先mysqldumpslow –help下,主要用的是

 

-s ORDER what to sort by (t, at, l, al, r, ar etc), ‘at’ is default

-t NUM just show the top n queries

-g PATTERN grep: only consider stmts that include this string

 

-s,是order的顺序,说明写的不够详细,主要有

c,t,l,r和ac,at,al,ar,分别是按照query次数,时间,lock的时间和返回的记录数来排序,前面加了a的时倒序

-t,是top n的意思,即为返回前面多少条的数据

-g,后边可以写一个正则匹配模式,大小写不敏感的

 

mysqldumpslow -s c -t 20  /var/log/mysql/slow.log

mysqldumpslow -s r -t 20  /var/log/mysql/slow.log

 

上述命令可以看出访问次数最多的20个sql语句和返回记录集最多的20个sql。

 

mysqldumpslow -t 10 -s t -g “left join”  /var/log/mysql/slow.log

这个是按照时间返回前10条里面含有左连接的sql语句。

 

用了这个工具就可以查询出来那些sql语句是性能的瓶颈,进行优化,比如加索引,该应用的实现方式等。

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