From absolute paths to relative paths: Linux path usage tips

From absolute path to relative path: Linux path usage tips

In the Linux system, path is an important concept that we often encounter when operating files and directories. . In the use of paths, absolute paths and relative paths are two common representation methods. This article will delve into how to use paths flexibly in Linux systems, especially the technique of converting from absolute paths to relative paths, and demonstrate it through specific code examples.

What are absolute paths and relative paths?

First of all, we need to clarify the concepts of absolute paths and relative paths.

• Absolute path: The absolute path is the complete path starting from the root directory, indicating the exact location of the file or directory in the file system. On Linux systems, absolute paths usually start with a slash /, such as /home/user/documents/file.txt.
• Relative path: A relative path is a path relative to the current working directory. That is, represents the path of a file or directory relative to the current location. A relative path does not start with a slash, for example ../documents/file.txt means that the file file.txt is located in the documents folder, while The documents folder is located in the upper directory of the current directory.

How to convert from absolute path to relative path?

In the actual development and operation process, we sometimes need to convert absolute paths into relative paths to facilitate flexible operation of files and directories in different environments. Below we introduce several methods and techniques.

Method 1: Use the realpath command

realpath command to convert the absolute path into a normalized absolute path. Then, by comparing the absolute path with the current directory, the relative path can be obtained. The following is a sample code:

# 获取绝对路径
abs_path=$(realpath /home/ubuntu/workspace/file.txt)

# 获取当前目录路径
current_dir=$(realpath .)

# 使用相对路径表示文件
rel_path=$(realpath --relative-to=$current_dir $abs_path)

echo "相对路径：$rel_path"

Method 2: Switch the path through the cd command

Another method is to switch the path through the cd command, Then use relative paths to represent it. The following is a sample code:

# 进入目标文件所在的目录
cd /home/ubuntu/workspace

# 利用相对路径表示文件
rel_path=documents/file.txt

echo "相对路径：$rel_path"

Practical application example

Assume that the current directory is /home/ubuntu/work, we want to copy the file /home/ubuntu /work/files/image.jpg Convert to relative path. We can combine the above methods to get the following code:

# 获取绝对路径
abs_path=$(realpath /home/ubuntu/work/files/image.jpg)

# 获取当前目录路径
current_dir=$(realpath .)

# 使用相对路径表示文件
rel_path=$(realpath --relative-to=$current_dir $abs_path)

echo "相对路径：$rel_path"

Through the above methods, we can easily convert absolute paths to relative paths and flexibly operate files and directories.

In short, in the Linux system, the flexible use of paths is one of the very important skills. Through the methods and sample codes introduced in this article, I hope readers can better understand and apply the conversion of absolute paths and relative paths, and improve the efficiency and convenience of operating files and directories.

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