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mysql参数optimizer_switch
mysql 5.1中开始引入optimizer_switch, 控制mysql优化器行为。他有一些结果集,通过on和off控制开启和关闭优化器行为。使用有效期全局和会话两个级别,在5.5中optimizer_swtich 可取结果如下,不同mysql版本可取结果不同。5.1和5.6参考官方文档。
mysql> select @@optimizer_switch;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| @@optimizer_switch |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on,engine_condition_pushdown=on |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
在mysql优化语句过程中,可通过设置optimizer_switch控制优化行为。
在我们生产环境上,某天mysql服务器压力特别大,load一度达到了100,查询发现数据库中有大量的sql语句state 状态result sorting ,result sorting这种排序特别消耗cpu和内存资源。抽取其中的一条sql查看执行计划
mysql> explain selectproduct_id,main_product_id,is_main_product,external_product_id from product where shop_id = '5939' AND status in ('0') AND main_product_id in ('0') AND product_type in ('0','1') order by operator_datedesc limit 800,100;
+----+-------------+----------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------+------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type |table |type |possible_keys |key | key_len | ref | rows |Extra |
+----+-------------+----------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------+------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |SIMPLE | product_common |index_merge | main_product_id,shop_id,status,product_type |shop_id,main_product_id,status | 5,5,5 | NULL | 810 | Usingintersect(shop_id,main_product_id,status); Using where; Using filesort
type类型是 index_merge(索引合并排序)。业务需要或滥建索引,数据表上会建很多索引。针对这个查询,可以通过修改optimizer_switch来优化优化器行为:
set global optimizer_seitch="index_merge=off"
这个方式也行会有一定风险,影响其他sql,在服务器端操作要谨慎
另外一种方式:如果建立的索引不合理,可以建立复合索引,然后删掉这些单列索引,这样sql效率也会提高。
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