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1 GROUP_CONCAT
mysql> SELECT student_name,
-> GROUP_CONCAT(test_score)
-> FROM student
-> GROUP BY student_name;
Or:
mysql> SELECT student_name,
-> GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT test_score
-> ORDER BY test_score DESC SEPARATOR ' ')
-> FROM student
-> GROUP BY student_name;
在MySQL中,你可以获取表达式组合的连接值。你可以使用DISTINCT删去重复值。假若你希望多结果值进行排序,则应该使用 ORDER BY子句。若要按相反顺序排列,将 DESC (递减) 关键词添加到你要用ORDER BY 子句进行排序的列名称中。默认顺序为升序;可使用ASC将其明确指定。 SEPARATOR 后面跟随应该被插入结果的值中间的字符串值。默认为逗号 (‘,’)。通过指定SEPARATOR '' ,你可以删除所有分隔符。
PS:就是可以在一个语句中得到 GROUP BY 被 聚合的项的每个子值的一个组合的字符串
2 WITH ROLLUP
GROUP BY子句允许一个将额外行添加到简略输出端 WITH ROLLUP 修饰符。这些行代表高层(或高聚集)简略操作。ROLLUP 因而允许你在多层分析的角度回答有关问询的问题
或者你可以使用 ROLLUP, 它能用一个问询提供双层分析。将一个 WITH ROLLUP修饰符添加到GROUP BY 语句,使询问产生另一行结果,该行显示了所有年份的总价值:
mysql> SELECT year, SUM(profit) FROM sales GROUP BY year WITH ROLLUP;
+------+-------------+
| year | SUM(profit) |
+------+-------------+
| 2000 | 4525 |
| 2001 | 3010 |
| NULL | 7535 |
+------+-------------+
总计高聚集行被年份列中的NULL值标出。
当有多重 GROUP BY 列时,ROLLUP产生的效果更加复杂。这时,每次在除了最后一个分类列之外的任何列出现一个 “break” (值的改变) ,则问讯会产生一个高聚集累计行。
例如,在没有 ROLLUP的情况下,一个以年、国家和产品为基础的关于 sales 表的一览表可能如下所示:
mysql> SELECT year, country, product, SUM(profit)
-> FROM sales
-> GROUP BY year, country, product;
+------+---------+------------+-------------+
| year | country | product | SUM(profit) |
+------+---------+------------+-------------+
| 2000 | Finland | Computer | 1500 |
| 2000 | Finland | Phone | 100 |
| 2000 | India | Calculator | 150 |
| 2000 | India | Computer | 1200 |
| 2000 | USA | Calculator | 75 |
| 2000 | USA | Computer | 1500 |
| 2001 | Finland | Phone | 10 |
| 2001 | USA | Calculator | 50 |
| 2001 | USA | Computer | 2700 |
| 2001 | USA | TV | 250 |
+------+---------+------------+-------------+
表示总值的输出结果仅位于年/国家/产品的分析级别。当添加了 ROLLUP后, 问询会产生一些额外的行:
mysql> SELECT year, country, product, SUM(profit)
-> FROM sales
-> GROUP BY year, country, product WITH ROLLUP;
+------+---------+------------+-------------+
| year | country | product | SUM(profit) |
+------+---------+------------+-------------+
| 2000 | Finland | Computer | 1500 |
| 2000 | Finland | Phone | 100 |
| 2000 | Finland | NULL | 1600 |
| 2000 | India | Calculator | 150 |
| 2000 | India | Computer | 1200 |
| 2000 | India | NULL | 1350 |
| 2000 | USA | Calculator | 75 |
| 2000 | USA | Computer | 1500 |
| 2000 | USA | NULL | 1575 |
| 2000 | NULL | NULL | 4525 |
| 2001 | Finland | Phone | 10 |
| 2001 | Finland | NULL | 10 |
| 2001 | USA | Calculator | 50 |
| 2001 | USA | Computer | 2700 |
| 2001 | USA | TV | 250 |
| 2001 | USA | NULL | 3000 |
| 2001 | NULL | NULL | 3010 |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 7535 |
+------+---------+------------+-------------+
当你使用 ROLLUP时, 你不能同时使用 ORDER BY子句进行结果排序。换言之, ROLLUP 和ORDER BY 是互相排斥的。然而,你仍可以对排序进行一些控制。在 MySQL中, GROUP BY 可以对结果进行排序,而且你可以在GROUP BY列表指定的列中使用明确的 ASC和DESC关键词,从而对个别列进行排序。 (不论如何排序被ROLLUP添加的较高级别的总计行仍出现在它们被计算出的行后面)。
LIMIT可用来限制返回客户端的行数。LIMIT 用在 ROLLUP后面, 因此这个限制 会取消被ROLLUP添加的行
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MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The steps to build a MySQL database include: 1. Create a database and table, 2. Insert data, and 3. Conduct queries. First, use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE statements to create the database and table, then use the INSERTINTO statement to insert the data, and finally use the SELECT statement to query the data.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.


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