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mysql使用rand随机查询记录的高效率方法
一直以为mysql随机查询几条数据,就用
SELECT * FROM `table` ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 5
就可以了。
但是真正测试一下才发现这样效率非常低。一个15万余条的库,查询5条数据,居然要8秒以上
查看官方手册,也说rand()放在ORDER BY 子句中会被执行多次,自然效率及很低。
You cannot use a column with RAND() values in an ORDER BY clause, because ORDER BY would evaluate the column multiple times.
搜索Google,网上基本上都是查询max(id) * rand()来随机获取数据。
SELECT * FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2 WHERE t1.id >= t2.id ORDER BY t1.id ASC LIMIT 5;
但是这样会产生连续的5条记录。解决办法只能是每次查询一条,查询5次。即便如此也值得,因为15万条的表,查询只需要0.01秒不到。
上面的语句采用的是JOIN,mysql的论坛上有人使用
SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `table` ) ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
我测试了一下,需要0.5秒,速度也不错,但是跟上面的语句还是有很大差距。总觉有什么地方不正常。
于是我把语句改写了一下。
SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE id >= (SELECT floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`))) ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
这下,效率又提高了,查询时间只有0.01秒
最后,再把语句完善一下,加上MIN(id)的判断。我在最开始测试的时候,就是因为没有加上MIN(id)的判断,结果有一半的时间总是查询到表中的前面几行。
完整查询语句是:
SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE id >= (SELECT floor( RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) + (SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))) ORDER BY id LIMIT 1; SELECT * FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2 WHERE t1.id >= t2.id ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;
最后在php中对这两个语句进行分别查询10次,
前者花费时间 0.147433 秒
后者花费时间 0.015130 秒
看来采用JOIN的语法比直接在WHERE中使用函数效率还要高很多。
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MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

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MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.


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