search

Home >Database >Mysql Tutorial >MySQL AB复制_MySQL

MySQL AB复制_MySQL

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-01 13:28:35774browse

bitsCN.com

MySQL AB复制
 

关于MySQL AB复制

本文讲解如何快速打包和安装MySQL， MySQL AB复制，MySQL AB双向复制，MySQL多级主从复制，解决AB双向复制主键冲突。

 

首先我们先介绍什么是MySQL AB复制。

 

AB复制又称主从复制，实现的是数据同步。如果要做MySQL AB复制，数据库版本尽量保持一致。如果版本不一致，从服务器版本高于主服务器，但是版本不一致不能做双向复制。MySQL AB复制有什么好处呢？有两点，第一是解决宕机带来的数据不一致，因为MySQL AB复制可以实时备份数据；第二点是减轻数据库服务器压力，这点很容易想到，多台服务器的性能一般比单台要好。但是MySQL AB复制不适用于大数据量，如果是大数据环境，推荐使用集群。

 

然后我们来看看MySQL复制的 3 个主要步骤：

1)主服务器把数据更改记录到二进制日志中，这个操作叫做二进制日志事件；

2)从服务器把主服务器的二进制日志事件拷贝到自己的中继日志（relay log）中；

3)从服务器执行中继日志中的事件，把更改应用到自己的数据上。

 
快速打包和安装MySQL

在正式介绍MySQL AB复制之前，介绍怎样打包MySQL和快速安装MySQL。

 

第一步，制作文件

[root@serv08 ~]# find /usr/local/mysql/ /etc/my.cnf /etc/init.d/mysqld > mysql

第二步，打包

[root@serv08 ~]# tar -cPvzf mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -T mysql
[root@serv08 ~]# ll -h
total 202M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 411K Oct  5 19:19 mysql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 202M Oct  5 19:21 mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

第三步，拷贝文件到实体机

[root@serv08 mysql]# scp mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 192.168.1.1:/home/Wentasy/software/

第四步，拷贝文件到serv01

[root@serv01 ~]# yum install /usr/bin/scp -y[root@larrywen 1005]# scp /home/Wentasy/software/mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 192.168.1.11:/opt
root@192.168.1.11's password:
mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz  100%  201MB  33.5MB/s  00:06 

第五步，解压

[root@serv01 opt]# tar -xPvf mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

第六步，创建组和用户，注意编号和安装好数据库的机器上的用户一致

[root@serv01 opt]# groupadd -g 500 mysql
[root@serv01 opt]# useradd -u 500 -g 500 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@serv01 opt]# id mysql
uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)

第七步，改变MySQL安装目录的拥有者和所属组

[root@serv01 opt]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ -R

第八步，启动MySQL，做测试

[root@serv01 opt]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@serv01 opt]# mysql
-bash: mysql: command not found
[root@serv01 opt]# vim ~/.bash_profile
[root@serv01 opt]# . !$
. ~/.bash_profile
[root@serv01 opt]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

 MySQL AB单向复制

好了，相信读者已经学会怎样打包MySQL和快速安装MySQL，接下来正式进入主题，我们先来看看一主多从架构的拓扑图：

 MySQL AB复制_MySQL

图一 一主多从架构

该图展示了一个 master 复制多个 slave 的架构，多个 slave 和单个 slave 的实施并没有实质性的区别，在 master 端并不在乎有多少个 slave 连接自己，只要有 slave 的 IO 线程通过了连接认证，向他请求指定位置之后的 binary log 信息，他就会按照该 IO 线程的要球，读取自己的binary log 信息，返回给 slave的 IO 线程。

 

既然对拓扑图和原理有所了解，我们做一个实验，介绍如何使用MySQL AB复制：

 

实验环境介绍

 

主机   IP地址   主机名   备注

serv01：  192.168.1.11  serv01.host.com  master

serv08：  192.168.1.18  serv08.host.com  slave01

操作系统版本：rhel server 6.1

所需要的软件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
 

第一步，主服务器创建用户并清空日志

mysql> show privileges;
mysql> grant replication client, replication slave on *.* to 'larry'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'larry';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name  | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |  27320 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  1035309 |
| mysql-bin.000003 |  126 |
| mysql-bin.000004 |  279 |
+------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name  | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |  107 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

第二步，修改从服务器的server-id

[root@serv08 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 1
#server-id  = 2
[root@serv08 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv08 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 2
#server-id  = 2
[root@serv08 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! #可以查看从服务器中的数据文件
[root@serv08 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@serv08 data]# ll
total 29752
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct  5 19:45 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Oct  5 19:45 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Oct  5 18:16 ib_logfile1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:15 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  27320 Oct  5 18:15 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  1035309 Oct  5 18:15 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  126 Oct  5 18:16 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  126 Oct  5 19:45 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  107 Oct  5 19:45 mysql-bin.000005
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  95 Oct  5 19:45 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:15 performance_schema
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root  4775 Oct  5 19:45 serv08.host.com.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5 Oct  5 19:45 serv08.host.com.pid
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:12 test

第三步，从服务器清空日志

mysql> show binary logs;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:  1
Current database: *** NONE ***+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name  | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |  27320 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  1035309 |
| mysql-bin.000003 |  126 |
| mysql-bin.000004 |  126 |
| mysql-bin.000005 |  107 |
+------------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name  | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |  107 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

第四步，从服务器通过change master to命令修改设置

mysql> change master to
  -> master_host='192.168.1.11',
  -> master_user='larry',
  -> master_password='larry',
  -> master_port=3306,
  -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
  -> master_log_pos=107;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第五步，开启slave。

mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Slave_IO_State:
  Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
  Master_User: larry
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000001
  Relay_Log_Pos: 4
  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
  Slave_IO_Running: No
  Slave_SQL_Running: No
  Replicate_Do_DB:
  Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  Replicate_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  Last_Errno: 0
  Last_Error:
  Skip_Counter: 0
  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  Relay_Log_Space: 107
  Until_Condition: None
  Until_Log_File:
  Until_Log_Pos: 0
  Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  Master_SSL_CA_File:
  Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  Master_SSL_Cert:
  Master_SSL_Cipher:
  Master_SSL_Key:
  Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  Last_IO_Errno: 0
  Last_IO_Error:
  Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第六步，从服务器查看是否和主服务器通信成功。如果出现 Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都是yes，则证明配置成功

mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
  Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
  Master_User: larry
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000002
  Relay_Log_Pos: 253
  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
  Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
  Replicate_Do_DB:
  Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  Replicate_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  Last_Errno: 0
  Last_Error:
  Skip_Counter: 0
  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  Relay_Log_Space: 410
  Until_Condition: None
  Until_Log_File:
  Until_Log_Pos: 0
  Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  Master_SSL_CA_File:
  Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  Master_SSL_Cert:
  Master_SSL_Cipher:
  Master_SSL_Key:
  Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  Last_IO_Errno: 0
  Last_IO_Error:
  Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified

第七步，从服务器查看数据文件的更改

[root@serv08 data]# ll
total 28724
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct  5 19:45 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Oct  5 19:45 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Oct  5 18:16 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  78 Oct  5 19:49 master.info
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:15 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  107 Oct  5 19:45 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  19 Oct  5 19:45 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:15 performance_schema
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  51 Oct  5 19:49 relay-log.info
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root  5589 Oct  5 19:49 serv08.host.com.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5 Oct  5 19:45 serv08.host.com.pid
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  157 Oct  5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  253 Oct  5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  52 Oct  5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.index
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:12 test
[root@serv08 data]# cat relay-log.info
./serv08-relay-bin.000002
253
mysql-bin.000001
107
[root@serv08 data]# cat master.info
18
mysql-bin.000001
107
192.168.1.11
larry
larry
3306

第八步，测试

--serv08查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)--serv01创建数据库
mysql> create database larrydb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
--serv01查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| larrydb  |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)--serv08查看数据库，发现已经同步
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| larrydb  |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv01创建表 插入数据
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> create table test(id int(11));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into test values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)--serv08查看数据是否同步成功，发现数据已经同步
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| test  |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id  |
+------+
|  1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

第九步，查看进程状态

--serv01查看进程状态
mysql> show processlist;
+----+-------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User  | Host  | db  | Command  | Time | State  | Info  |
+----+-------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
|  1 | root  | localhost  | larrydb | Query  |  0 | NULL  | show processlist |
|  2 | larry | 192.168.1.18:41393 | NULL  | Binlog Dump |  854 | Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated | NULL  |
+----+-------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08查看进程状态
mysql> show processlist;
+----+-------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User  | Host  | db  | Command | Time | State  | Info  |
+----+-------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
|  1 | root  | localhost | larrydb | Query  |  0 | NULL  | show processlist |
|  2 | system user |  | NULL  | Connect |  880 | Waiting for master to send event  | NULL  |
|  3 | system user |  | NULL  | Connect |  65 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQLAB双向复制

好了，MySQL AB单向复制介绍完毕。接下来想想，会有这样的应用场景。比如Master和Slave之间都要进行数据同步，那么单向复制是无法完成的，因为一个是Master，一个是Slave，只能单向操作，这就像网络里的半双工一样。既然一方可以向另一方同步数据，那么两方都做成Master 不就可以实现互相同步数据了。这就是接下来要介绍的MySQL AB双向复制。同样我们来看看MySQL AB双向复制的拓扑图。

 MySQL AB复制_MySQL

图二 MySQL AB双向复制

既然对拓扑图和原理有所了解，我们做一个实验，介绍如何使用MySQL AB双向复制，注意该实验是在MySQL单级复制的基础上做的。

 

实验环境介绍

主机   IP地址   主机名  备注

serv01：  192.168.1.11  serv01.host.com  master

serv08：  192.168.1.18  serv08.host.com  slave01

操作系统版本：rhel server 6.1

所需要的软件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz



第一步，serv08创建授权用户

mysql> grant replication client, replication slave on *.* to 'larry'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'larry';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第二步，serv08清空日志

mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name  | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |  286 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name  | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |  107 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

第三步，serv01使用change master to命令修改从服务器设置

mysql> show slave status;
Empty set (0.00 sec)mysql> change master to
  -> master_host='192.168.1.18',
  -> master_user='larry',
  -> master_password='larry',
  -> master_port=3306,
  -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
  -> master_log_pos=107;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第四步，serv01开启slave

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
  Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
  Master_User: larry
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  Relay_Log_File: serv01-relay-bin.000002
  Relay_Log_Pos: 253
  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
  Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
  Replicate_Do_DB:
  Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  Replicate_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  Last_Errno: 0
  Last_Error:
  Skip_Counter: 0
  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  Relay_Log_Space: 410
  Until_Condition: None
  Until_Log_File:
  Until_Log_Pos: 0
  Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  Master_SSL_CA_File:
  Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  Master_SSL_Cert:
  Master_SSL_Cipher:
  Master_SSL_Key:
  Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  Last_IO_Errno: 0
  Last_IO_Error:
  Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified

第五步，测试

--serv01查看数据
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id  |
+------+
|  1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)--serv08插入数据
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id  |
+------+
|  1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into test values(2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)--serv01查看数据，数据更新
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id  |
+------+
|  1 |
|  2 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv01插入数据
mysql> insert into test values(3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)--serv01查询数据
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id  |
+------+
|  1 |
|  2 |
|  3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08查询数据，数据已更新
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id  |
+------+
|  1 |
|  2 |
|  3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL多级主从复制

好了，MySQL AB双向复制介绍完毕，我们又想了，不管是MySQL AB单向复制，还是MySQL 双向复制，都是双方的关系。MySQL AB单向复制可以是一对一，也就是一个Master对应一个Slave，或者一对多，也就是一个Master对应多个Slave；MySQL双向复制是一对一的关系。我们可不可以这样，实现多级关系，一个Master，接下来Slave，Slave下面还有Slave。这样做有什么好处呢？这样可以缓解数据库压力。这就是接下来要介绍的MySQL多级主从复制。多级也就是A---->B---->C，A作为主服务器，B是从服务器，B跟A建立主从关系；而且B是主服务器，C作为从服务器，B跟C建立主从关系。这样：A是主服务器，B既是主服务器，又是从服务器，C是从服务器。同样，我们来看看MySQL 多级主从复制的拓扑图：

 MySQL AB复制_MySQL

图三 MySQL 多级主从复制

该拓扑图实现 mysql 的 A 到B 的复制，再从 B 到 C 的复制。

 

既然对拓扑图和原理有所了解，我们做一个实验，介绍如何使用MySQL AB双向复制：

 

实验环境介绍

 

主机  IP地址  主机名  备注

serv01：  192.168.1.11  serv01.host.com  master

serv08：  192.168.1.18  serv08.host.com  slave01

serv09：  192.168.1.19 serv09.host.com  slave02

操作系统版本：rhel server 6.1

所需要的软件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

 


第一步，断开双向关系。A只作为主服务器。

--停止slave
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
--查看slave状态发现仍然有相关信息，我们要彻底删除，只需要把数据文件中相关文件删除即可。
mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Slave_IO_State:
  Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
  Master_User: larry
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 587
  Relay_Log_File: serv01-relay-bin.000006
  Relay_Log_Pos: 733
  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
  Slave_IO_Running: No
  Slave_SQL_Running: No
  Replicate_Do_DB:
  Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  Replicate_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  Last_Errno: 0
  Last_Error:
  Skip_Counter: 0
  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 587
  Relay_Log_Space: 1036
  Until_Condition: None
  Until_Log_File:
  Until_Log_Pos: 0
  Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  Master_SSL_CA_File:
  Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  Master_SSL_Cert:
  Master_SSL_Cipher:
  Master_SSL_Key:
  Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  Last_IO_Errno: 0
  Last_IO_Error:
  Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified--进入data目录，删除以下文件：master.info relay-log.info serv01-relay-bin.*
[root@serv01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@serv01 data]# ll
total 28736
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct  5 22:38 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Oct  5 22:38 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Oct  5 18:16 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 22:36 larrydb
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  79 Oct  5 23:24 master.info
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:15 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  690 Oct  5 22:34 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  970 Oct  5 22:38 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  38 Oct  5 22:34 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:15 performance_schema
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  53 Oct  5 23:24 relay-log.info
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root  5309 Oct  5 23:24 serv01.host.com.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5 Oct  5 22:34 serv01.host.com.pid
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  303 Oct  5 22:35 serv01-relay-bin.000005
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  733 Oct  5 22:37 serv01-relay-bin.000006
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  52 Oct  5 22:35 serv01-relay-bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  2209 Oct  5 18:16 serv08.host.com.err
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql  4096 Oct  5 18:12 test
[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf master.info relay-log.info serv01-relay-bin.*

第二步，serv01重启服务，再次查看slave信息，发现已经不存在

[root@serv01 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS![root@serv01 opt]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution
mysql> show slave status /G;
Empty set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified

第三步，serv08查看slave状态

mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
  Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
  Master_User: larry
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000007
  Relay_Log_Pos: 253
  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
  Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
  Replicate_Do_DB:
  Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  Replicate_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  Last_Errno: 0
  Last_Error:
  Skip_Counter: 0
  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  Relay_Log_Space: 556
  Until_Condition: None
  Until_Log_File:
  Until_Log_Pos: 0
  Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  Master_SSL_CA_File:
  Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  Master_SSL_Cert:
  Master_SSL_Cipher:
  Master_SSL_Key:
  Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  Last_IO_Errno: 0
  Last_IO_Error:
  Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified
--如果查看slave状态出错，我们重启服务
[root@serv08 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

第四步，serv09搭建相同版本的MySQL，修改server-id，启动服务

[root@serv09 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv09 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 3
[root@serv09 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

第五步，serv01插入数据

mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry07');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

第六步，serv08查看serv01插入的数据是否记录到日志文件。可以发现，和serv01建立关系的延时日志文件中有相关记录，而主日志文件mysql-bin.000003中没有相关记录

[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog serv08-relay-bin.000009 | grep insert -i --color
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
SET INSERT_ID=9/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry07')
[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003 | grep larry07

第七步，我们要把serv08的数据同步到serv09，因为serv08中的mysql-bin.000003文件没有相关记录，所以不能通过日志文件同步，我们只有先serv08导出数据，然后serv09导入数据，再把log_slave_updates打开

--导出数据
[root@serv08 data]# mysqldump --help --verbose | grep database[root@serv08 data]# mysqldump --databases larrydb > larrydb.sql
--拷贝数据文件
[root@serv08 data]# scp larrydb.sql 192.168.1.19:/opt
root@192.168.1.19's password:
larrydb.sql  100% 2612  2.6KB/s  00:00 --serv09导入数据
mysql> source /opt/larrydb.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| t2  |
| test  |
+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
|  9 | larry07 |
+----+---------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)--serv08修改配置文件，打开log_slave_updates，重启MySQL服务
mysql> show variables like '%update%';
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name  | Value |
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF  |
| log_slave_updates  | OFF  |
| low_priority_updates  | OFF  |
| sql_low_priority_updates  | OFF  |
| sql_safe_updates  | OFF  |
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)[root@serv08 data]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv08 data]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep log_slave_updates
log_slave_updates=1
[root@serv08 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! --serv08
mysql> show variables like "%update%";
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name  | Value |
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF  |
| log_slave_updates  | ON  |
| low_priority_updates  | OFF  |
| sql_low_priority_updates  | OFF  |
| sql_safe_updates  | OFF  |
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第八步，serv01插入测试数据，我们看到打开这个参数后mysql-bin.000004和serv08-relay-bin.000011都有相关的插入数据的记录

mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry08');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
|  9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
+----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000004 | grep larry
use `larrydb`/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry08')
[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog serv08-relay-bin.000011 | grep larry
use `larrydb`/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry08')

第九步，serv08创建授权用户

mysql> select user,password,host from mysql.user where user='larry';
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:  3
Current database: larrydb+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+
| user  | password  | host  |
+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+
| larry | *0CDC8D34246E22649D647DB04E7CCCACAB4368B6 | 192.168.1.% |
+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name  | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |  1046 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  606 |
| mysql-bin.000003 |  126 |
| mysql-bin.000004 |  335 |
+------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第十步，serv09通过change master to修改slave配置，然后启动slave，查看slave状态，查看数据，发现已经从serv08更新过来

mysql> change master to
  -> master_host='192.168.1.18',
  -> master_user='larry',
  -> master_password='larry',
  -> master_port=3306,
  -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
  -> master_log_pos=126;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Slave_IO_State:
  Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
  Master_User: larry
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 126
  Relay_Log_File: serv09-relay-bin.000001
  Relay_Log_Pos: 4
  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
  Slave_IO_Running: No
  Slave_SQL_Running: No
  Replicate_Do_DB:
  Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  Replicate_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  Last_Errno: 0
  Last_Error:
  Skip_Counter: 0
  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 126
  Relay_Log_Space: 107
  Until_Condition: None
  Until_Log_File:
  Until_Log_Pos: 0
  Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  Master_SSL_CA_File:
  Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  Master_SSL_Cert:
  Master_SSL_Cipher:
  Master_SSL_Key:
  Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  Last_IO_Errno: 0
  Last_IO_Error:
  Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
  Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
  Master_User: larry
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 335
  Relay_Log_File: serv09-relay-bin.000003
  Relay_Log_Pos: 481
  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
  Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
  Replicate_Do_DB:
  Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  Replicate_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  Last_Errno: 0
  Last_Error:
  Skip_Counter: 0
  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 335
  Relay_Log_Space: 784
  Until_Condition: None
  Until_Log_File:
  Until_Log_Pos: 0
  Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  Master_SSL_CA_File:
  Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  Master_SSL_Cert:
  Master_SSL_Cipher:
  Master_SSL_Key:
  Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  Last_IO_Errno: 0
  Last_IO_Error:
  Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
|  9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
+----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第十一步，serv01插入数据，可以看到serv08 serv09都已经同步过去了

--serv01
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry09');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
|  9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08
mysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
|  9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv09
mysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
|  9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

解决AB双向复制主键冲突

在进行MySQLAB双向复制时，如果一张表的主键是自增的，会出现问题。主服务器和从服务器在插入数据时会发生主键冲突，比如A服务器插入一条数据，id为5，B服务器同步过去，但是B服务器插入数据ID也可能是5，就这会引起主键冲突，导致数据不能插入。因此，我们需要解决这个问题。解决办法是主键间隔设置，通过设置主键步长，比如A（13 5 7），B（2 4 6 8），有几台机器步长就为几。接下来的实验是在MySQLAB双向复制的基础上做的。
 

第一步，serv08创建测试表，插入数据，查看数据

mysql> create table t2(id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> desc t2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type  | Null | Key | Default | Extra  |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id  | int(11)  | NO  | PRI | NULL  | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(30) | YES  |  | NULL  |  |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry01');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry02');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第二步，serv01查看数据

mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop table t2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第二步，serv01和serv08修改配置文件，并重启服务

[root@serv01 opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv01 opt]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep auto_incre
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1
[root@serv01 opt]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@serv08 data]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv08 data]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep auto_incre
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=2[root@serv08 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

第三步，serv01再次模拟数据

mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| test  |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t2(id int(11) primary key auto_increment, name varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry01');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry02');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry03');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry04');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
+----+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv01
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry05');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name  |
+----+---------+
|  1 | larry01 |
|  3 | larry02 |
|  4 | larry03 |
|  6 | larry04 |
|  7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec) bitsCN.com
Statement：
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Previous article：Open SUSE12.2 MySQL5.6数据库安装配置_MySQLNext article：Mysql CMAKE编译参数详解_MySQL

Related articles

See more