Even though I'm using JUnit5 in my pom, the maven Surefire plugin still defaults to JUnit4

Even though I'm using JUnit5 in my pom, the maven Surefire plugin still defaults to JUnit4. This can cause some problems, especially when using new features of JUnit5. To solve this problem, we can tell the Surefire plugin to use JUnit5 as the default test runner by configuring the pom file. In the build tag of the pom file, we need to add a plugins tag and configure maven-surefire-plugin in it. In the configuration, we need to specify testFrameworkProviderName as org.junit.platform.surefire.provider.JUnitPlatformProvider. This way, when we run the mvn test command, the Surefire plugin will use JUnit5 to run the tests. This configuration ensures that we can run tests normally while using JUnit5.

Question content

I have read this article. This is my parent pom:

<dependencymanagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
            <groupid>org.junit</groupid>
            <artifactid>junit-bom</artifactid>
            <version>5.10.1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
...
    <dependencies>
<dependency>
        <groupid>org.junit.jupiter</groupid>
        <artifactid>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactid>        
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-launcher -->
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.junit.platform</groupid>
    <artifactid>junit-platform-launcher</artifactid>    
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-runner -->
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.junit.platform</groupid>
    <artifactid>junit-platform-runner</artifactid>    
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-console-standalone -->
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.junit.platform</groupid>
    <artifactid>junit-platform-console-standalone</artifactid>
    <version>1.10.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-commons -->
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.junit.platform</groupid>
    <artifactid>junit-platform-commons</artifactid>    
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-engine -->
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.junit.platform</groupid>
    <artifactid>junit-platform-engine</artifactid>    
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
...
<plugin>
                <groupid>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupid>
                <artifactid>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactid>
                <version>3.2.1</version>
                <configuration>
            <argline>--enable-preview --add-modules jdk.incubator.vector</argline>
        </configuration>
            </plugin>

In my subproject I don't have any junit dependencies. When I run mvn install I see the following:

[info] --- surefire:3.2.1:test (default-test) @ xxx ---
[info] toolchain in maven-surefire-plugin: jdk[/library/java/jdk-21.0.1.jdk/contents/home]
[info] using auto detected provider org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.junit4provider
[info]
[info] -------------------------------------------------------
[info]  t e s t s
[info] -------------------------------------------------------
warning: using incubator modules: jdk.incubator.vector
[info]
[info] results:
[info]
[info] tests run: 0, failures: 0, errors: 0, skipped: 0
[info]

Why is the automatically detected provider org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.junit4provider? It should use junit5!

When I run mvn dependency:tree I see this:

[INFO] --- dependency:3.6.0:tree (default-cli) @ xxx ---
[INFO] xxx:xxx:jar:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- org.eclipse.collections:eclipse-collections:jar:11.1.0:compile
[INFO] |  \- org.eclipse.collections:eclipse-collections-api:jar:11.1.0:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:2.0.9:compile
[INFO] +- com.google.guava:guava:jar:32.1.2-jre:compile
[INFO] |  +- com.google.guava:failureaccess:jar:1.0.1:compile
[INFO] |  +- com.google.guava:listenablefuture:jar:9999.0-empty-to-avoid-conflict-with-guava:compile
[INFO] |  +- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:jar:3.0.2:compile
[INFO] |  +- com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:jar:2.18.0:compile
[INFO] |  \- com.google.j2objc:j2objc-annotations:jar:2.8:compile
[INFO] +- org.assertj:assertj-core:jar:3.24.2:test
[INFO] |  \- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.14.9:test
[INFO] +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:jar:5.9.3:test
[INFO] |  +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:jar:5.9.3:test
[INFO] |  \- org.apiguardian:apiguardian-api:jar:1.1.2:test
[INFO] +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher:jar:1.9.3:test
[INFO] +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-runner:jar:1.9.3:test
[INFO] |  +- junit:junit:jar:4.13.2:test
[INFO] |  |  \- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:2.2:test
[INFO] |  |     \- org.hamcrest:hamcrest:jar:2.2:test
[INFO] |  +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-suite-api:jar:1.9.3:test
[INFO] |  \- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-suite-commons:jar:1.9.3:test
[INFO] +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-console-standalone:jar:1.10.1:test
[INFO] +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-commons:jar:1.9.3:test
[INFO] +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-engine:jar:1.9.3:test
[INFO] |  \- org.opentest4j:opentest4j:jar:1.2.0:test
[INFO] \- org.checkerframework:checker-qual:jar:3.42.0:compile

This is also weird because I'm not using versions 5.9.3 and 1.9.3 in pom.xml. I'm using junit-bom:5.10.1.

What's the reason and why maven doesn't work properly at once?

Solution

This is because:

[INFO] +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-runner:jar:1.9.3:test
[INFO] |  +- junit:junit:jar:4.13.2:test

In the dependency tree. Removing the dependency on junit-platform-runner in pom.xml resolved the issue.

In my case this was because I also referenced spring-boot-dependency:3.1.5 in my dependencymanagement which took precedence On junit-bom:5.10.1. spring-boot-dependency:3.1.5 has a passing reference to junit-bom:5.9.3.

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