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糟糕的SQL查询语句可对整个应用程序的运行产生严重的影响，其不仅消耗掉更多的数据库时间，且它将对其他应用组件产生影响。
如同其它学科，优化查询性能很大程度上决定于开发者的直觉。幸运的是，像MySQL这样的数据库自带有一些协助工具。本文简要讨论诸多工具之三种：使用索引，使用EXPLAIN分析查询以及调整MySQL的内部配置。
MySQL允许对数据库表进行索引，以此能迅速查找记录，而无需一开始就扫描整个表，由此显著地加快查询速度。每个表最多可以做到16个索引，此外MySQL还支持多列索引及全文检索。
给表添加一个索引非常简单，只需调用一个CREATE INDEX命令并为索引指定它的域即可。
列表A给出了一个例子：
mysql> CREATE INDEX idx_username ON users(username);
这里，对users表的username域做索引，以确保在WHERE或者HAVING子句中引用这一域的SELECT查询语句运行速度比没有添加索引时要快。通过SHOW INDEX命令可以查看索引已被创建（列表B）。
值得注意的是：索引就像一把双刃剑。对表的每一域做索引通常没有必要，且很可能导致运行速度减慢，因为向表中插入或修改数据时，MySQL不得不每次都为这些额外的工作重新建立索引。另一方面，避免对表的每一域做索引同样不是一个非常好的主意，因为在提高插入记录的速度时，导致查询操作的速度减慢。这就需要找到一个平衡点，比如在设计索引系统时，考虑表的主要功能（数据修复及编辑）不失为一种明智的选择。
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