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我们在创建表的过程中难免会考虑不周,因此后期会修改表
修改表需要用到alter table语句
修改表名
mysql> alter table student rename person;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
这里的student是原名,person是修改过后的名字
用rename来重命名,也可以使用rename to
还有一种方法是rename table old_name to new_name
修改字段的数据类型
mysql> alter table person modify name varchar(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
此处modify后面的name为字段名,我们将原来的varchar(25)改为varchar(20)
修改字段名
mysql> alter table person change stu_name name varchar(25);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
这里stu_name是原名,name是新名
需要注意的是不管改不改数据类型,后面的数据类型都要写
如果不修改数据类型只需写成原来的数据类型即可
tips:我们同样可以使用change来达到modify的效果,只需在其后写一样的字段名
增加无完整性约束条件的字段
mysql> alter table person add sex boolean;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
此处的sex后面只跟了数据类型,而没有完整性约束条件
增加有完整性约束条件的字段
mysql> alter table person add age int not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
此处增加了一条age字段,接着在后面加上了not null完整性约束条件
增加额外的完整性约束条件
mysql> ALTER TABLE person ADD PRIMARY KEY(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
这里同样也用于多字段设置
在表头添加字段
mysql> alter table person add num int primary key first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
默认情况下添加字段都是添加到表尾,在添加语句后面加上first就能添加到表头
在指定位置添加字段
mysql> alter table person add birth date after name;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
这里添加一条新字段放在name字段后面
tips:表中字段的排序对表不会有什么影响,不过更合理的排序能便于理解表
删除字段
mysql> alter table person drop sex;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
和前面删除表或数据库一样,这里也需要用drop
不同的是,删除字段还要用alter table跟着表名
修改字段到第一个位置
mysql> alter table person modify id int first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
first在前面已经讲过,此处要注意的是字段后面要写数据类型
修改字段到指定位置
mysql> alter table person modify name varchar(25) after id;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我们把name字段放到了id后面,此处的varchar(25)要写全,varchar不行
建议操作以上步骤之前都先desc table
修改表的存储引擎
mysql> alter table user rename person;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
这里先不具体讲各个存储引擎的特点,内容比较多
修改完之后别忘了使用show create table语句查看,第三节有写用法
tips:如果表中已存在很多数据,不要轻易修改存储引擎
增加表的外键
mysql> alter table score add constraint fk foreign key(stu_id) references student(id);
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 10 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
这里只需使用add增加即可,后面的语法参见第四节中的外键设置
删除主键
mysql> ALTER TABLE person DROP PRIMARY KEY;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
由于主键没有别名,所以使用drop会删除所有主键
删除表的外键约束
mysql> alter table student3 drop foreign key fk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
由于基本的表结构描述无法显示外键,所以在进行此操作前最好使用show create table查看表
这里的fk就是刚刚设置的外键
需要注意的是:如果想要删除有关联的表,那么必先删除外键
删除外键后,原先的key变成普通键
至于删除表的操作,在第三节有写,设置外键在第四节也有写
如果创建表的时候没有设置外键,可使用上面的方法
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The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The steps to build a MySQL database include: 1. Create a database and table, 2. Insert data, and 3. Conduct queries. First, use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE statements to create the database and table, then use the INSERTINTO statement to insert the data, and finally use the SELECT statement to query the data.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because: 1) easy to install and configure, 2) rich learning resources, 3) intuitive SQL syntax, 4) powerful tool support. Nevertheless, beginners need to overcome challenges such as database design, query optimization, security management, and data backup.

Yes,SQLisaprogramminglanguagespecializedfordatamanagement.1)It'sdeclarative,focusingonwhattoachieveratherthanhow.2)SQLisessentialforquerying,inserting,updating,anddeletingdatainrelationaldatabases.3)Whileuser-friendly,itrequiresoptimizationtoavoidper

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.


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