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SQL语言基础复习
一、概述
SQL语句注释方式
1)以“#”开头直到行尾的所有内容都是注释
2)以“--”(--后还有一个空格)开头直到行尾的所有内容都是注释
3)以“/*”开始,以“*/”结束的所有内容都是注释,可用于注释多行
二、数据库操作
1、创建数据库
create database db_name;
db_name命名规则:
1)名称可由任意字母,数字,”_”或”$”组成,可以是上述任意字符作为开头,但是不能单独使用数字作为数据库名称。
2)长度限制:数据库、表、列和索引的名称最多64个字符,别名最多可长达256个字符。
3)不能使用MySQL关键字作为数据库、表名。
2、删除数据库
drop database db_name; #drop 下降,终止
他将不可恢复的删除数据库及其所有数据表,建议在使用drop database前,先对数据库进行备份
三、表的操作
1、创建数据表
create table
( []
[, []]...
[,表级完整性约束条件]
);
拓展:create temporary table... #创建临时表,临时表在服务器交互结束时会自动删除
2、修改数据表
指:修改表的结构,使用alter talbe语句来修改表中列的属性,甚至修改表的名称
alter talbe
[add [完整性约束]]
[drop ]
[alter column ]; #alter修改,更改
3、删除表
drop table table_name;
drop table if exists table_name;
四、记录的操作
1、插入数据
insert into
[(,...)]
values([,...])
e.g. insert into student_info(stu_id,stu_name,str_sex,str_age)
values(234,”xiaofang”,”男”,18);
2、更新记录
update
set =[,=]...
[where];
说明:update语句包括set子句和where子句,set子句指定修改方式,要修改的列以及修改后的取值,where子句用于指定钥修改的数据记录,默认修改表中的所有记录。更新语句的关键就是要设定好用于进行判断的where条件!
e.g. update student_info set str_age=22 where stu_id = 9028;
3、删除记录
delete from [where ];
说明:如果用户在使用delete语句时不设定where条件,则表格中的所有记录将被清空!
delete from student_info where stu_id = 9028;
五、查询
select [all | distinct] [,] …
from [,]...
[where ]
[group by [having ]]
[order by [asc|desc]];
六、学生选课系统数据库设计流程示例
1、数据库设计流程:
系统分析--->逻辑设计--->物理实现
2、系统分析
3、逻辑设计
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MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The steps to build a MySQL database include: 1. Create a database and table, 2. Insert data, and 3. Conduct queries. First, use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE statements to create the database and table, then use the INSERTINTO statement to insert the data, and finally use the SELECT statement to query the data.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.


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