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SQL语言基础复习 

一、概述

SQL语句注释方式

1)以“#”开头直到行尾的所有内容都是注释

2)以“--”(--后还有一个空格)开头直到行尾的所有内容都是注释

3)以“/*”开始,以“*/”结束的所有内容都是注释,可用于注释多行

二、数据库操作

1、创建数据库

create database db_name;

db_name命名规则:

1)名称可由任意字母,数字,”_”或”$”组成,可以是上述任意字符作为开头,但是不能单独使用数字作为数据库名称。

2)长度限制:数据库、表、列和索引的名称最多64个字符,别名最多可长达256个字符。

3)不能使用MySQL关键字作为数据库、表名。

2、删除数据库

drop database db_name; #drop 下降,终止

他将不可恢复的删除数据库及其所有数据表,建议在使用drop database前,先对数据库进行备份

三、表的操作

1、创建数据表

create table

( []

[, []]...

[,表级完整性约束条件]

);

拓展:create temporary table... #创建临时表,临时表在服务器交互结束时会自动删除

2、修改数据表

指:修改表的结构,使用alter talbe语句来修改表中列的属性,甚至修改表的名称

alter talbe

[add [完整性约束]]

[drop ]

[alter column ]; #alter修改,更改

3、删除表

drop table table_name;

drop table if exists table_name;

四、记录的操作

1、插入数据

insert into

[(,...)]

values([,...])

e.g. insert into student_info(stu_id,stu_name,str_sex,str_age)

values(234,”xiaofang”,”男”,18);

2、更新记录

update

set =[,=]...

[where];

说明:update语句包括set子句和where子句,set子句指定修改方式,要修改的列以及修改后的取值,where子句用于指定钥修改的数据记录,默认修改表中的所有记录。更新语句的关键就是要设定好用于进行判断的where条件!

e.g. update student_info set str_age=22 where stu_id = 9028;

3、删除记录

delete from [where ];

说明:如果用户在使用delete语句时不设定where条件,则表格中的所有记录将被清空!

delete from student_info where stu_id = 9028;

五、查询

select [all | distinct] [,] …

from [,]...

[where ]

[group by [having ]]

[order by [asc|desc]];

六、学生选课系统数据库设计流程示例

1、数据库设计流程:

系统分析--->逻辑设计--->物理实现

/

2、系统分析

/
 

3、逻辑设计

/

 

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