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MySQL高级操作(上) 

一、MySQL表复制

create table t2 like t1; #复制表结构,t2可以学习到t1所有的表结构

insert into t2 select * from t1; #复制表数据,但是这样还是会有缺陷,因为没有考虑到列的对应,因为t1与t2的表结构完全一致,所以此次操作才不会出错!

建议:

insert into t3(name) select name from t1; #指定复制的列

二、MySQL索引

1、直接创建索引

create index index_name on table_name(column_list); #创建普通索引

create unique index index_name on table_name(colume_list); #创建唯一索引,请在创建唯一索引之前确保该列没有重复值,不然,创建不成功!

2、直接删除索引

drop index index_name on table_name;

3、修改-创建索引

alter table table_name add index [index_name](colum_list); #创建普通索引

alter table table_name add unique [index_name](column_list); #创建唯一索引

alter table table_name add primary key [index_name](column_list); #创建主键索引,如果不添加index_name,则使用column_list作为默认索引名

4、修改-删除索引

alter table table_name drop index index_name; #删除普通/唯一索引

alter table table_name drop primary key; #删除主键索引

【推荐使用方式3、4】

【附】

1、查看索引:show index from t1 /G

2、alter table table_name modify id int not null;

三、MySQL视图

视图:通过一个条件,把一部分数据从一张表里面提取出来,形成一张中间表,这张表就是视图

注意:视图随着主表的改变而改变

1、创建视图

create view view_name as select *from table_naem where id > 4 and id

3、查看创建了哪些视图

showtables; #视图就是一个中间表

3、查看视图中数据

select* from view_name; #与查看表数据相同

4、删除视图

drop view view_name;

四、MySQL内置函数补充

查看函数作用及简单示例:? function_name

e.g. ? lcase;

1、字符串函数

1)lcase(“string”)/ucase(“string”) #转换成小写/大写,与lower(str)/upper(str)作用相同

2)length(“string”) #返回字符串的长度

3)repeat(“string”,n) #将字符从重复n次

4)space(n) #生成n个空格

2、数学函数

1)bin(decimal_number) #十进制转二进制

2)ceiling(n) #作用与ceil相同,向下取整

3)sqrt(n) #开平方

4)max(col)/min(col) #取最大/最小值,聚合时使用

5)rand() #生成随机数

select * from table_name order by rand(); #使用rand函数作为排序基准

3、日期函数

1)datediff(expr1,expr2) #返回expr1和expr2相差的天数,如果expr1> expr2,则返回正值

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