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MySQL高级操作(上)
一、MySQL表复制
create table t2 like t1; #复制表结构,t2可以学习到t1所有的表结构
insert into t2 select * from t1; #复制表数据,但是这样还是会有缺陷,因为没有考虑到列的对应,因为t1与t2的表结构完全一致,所以此次操作才不会出错!
建议:
insert into t3(name) select name from t1; #指定复制的列
二、MySQL索引
1、直接创建索引
create index index_name on table_name(column_list); #创建普通索引
create unique index index_name on table_name(colume_list); #创建唯一索引,请在创建唯一索引之前确保该列没有重复值,不然,创建不成功!
2、直接删除索引
drop index index_name on table_name;
3、修改-创建索引
alter table table_name add index [index_name](colum_list); #创建普通索引
alter table table_name add unique [index_name](column_list); #创建唯一索引
alter table table_name add primary key [index_name](column_list); #创建主键索引,如果不添加index_name,则使用column_list作为默认索引名
4、修改-删除索引
alter table table_name drop index index_name; #删除普通/唯一索引
alter table table_name drop primary key; #删除主键索引
【推荐使用方式3、4】
【附】
1、查看索引:show index from t1 /G
2、alter table table_name modify id int not null;
三、MySQL视图
视图:通过一个条件,把一部分数据从一张表里面提取出来,形成一张中间表,这张表就是视图
注意:视图随着主表的改变而改变
1、创建视图
create view view_name as select *from table_naem where id > 4 and id
3、查看创建了哪些视图
showtables; #视图就是一个中间表
3、查看视图中数据
select* from view_name; #与查看表数据相同
4、删除视图
drop view view_name;
四、MySQL内置函数补充
查看函数作用及简单示例:? function_name
e.g. ? lcase;
1、字符串函数
1)lcase(“string”)/ucase(“string”) #转换成小写/大写,与lower(str)/upper(str)作用相同
2)length(“string”) #返回字符串的长度
3)repeat(“string”,n) #将字符从重复n次
4)space(n) #生成n个空格
2、数学函数
1)bin(decimal_number) #十进制转二进制
2)ceiling(n) #作用与ceil相同,向下取整
3)sqrt(n) #开平方
4)max(col)/min(col) #取最大/最小值,聚合时使用
5)rand() #生成随机数
select * from table_name order by rand(); #使用rand函数作为排序基准
3、日期函数
1)datediff(expr1,expr2) #返回expr1和expr2相差的天数,如果expr1> expr2,则返回正值
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MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

MySQL is not a programming language, but its query language SQL has the characteristics of a programming language: 1. SQL supports conditional judgment, loops and variable operations; 2. Through stored procedures, triggers and functions, users can perform complex logical operations in the database.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.


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