bitsCN.com 一、前提
这里的原则只是针对MySQL数据库,其他的数据库某些是殊途同归,某些还是存在差异。我总结的也是MySQL普遍的规则,对于某些特殊情况得特殊对待。在构造SQL语句的时候要养成良好的习惯。
二、原则总结原则1、仅列出需要查询的字段,这对速度不会明显的影响,主要是考虑节省应用程序服务器的内存。
原来语句: select * from admin
优化为: select admin_id,admin_name,admin_password from admin
原则2、尽量避免在列上做运算,这样导致索引失效。
原语句: select * from admin where year(admin_time)>2014
优化为: select * from admin where admin_time> '2014-01-01′
原则3、使用JOIN 时候,应该用小的结果驱动大的结果(left join 左边表结果尽量小 如果有条件应该放到左边先处理,right join 同理反向),同事尽量把牵涉到多表联合的查询拆分多个query(多个连表查询效率低,容易到之后锁表和阻塞)。
原来语句 select * from admin left join log on admin.admin_id = log.admin_id where log.admin_id>10
优化为: select * from (select * from admin where admin_id>10) T1 lef join log on T1.admin_id = log.admin_id
原则 4、注意LIKE 模糊查询的使用, 避免使用 %% ,可以使用 后面带% ,双%是不走索引的。
原来语句: select * from admin where admin_name like ‘%de%'
优化为: select * from admin where admin_name >='de' and admin_nam
原则5、使用批量插入节省交互 (当如如果使用存储过程来处理批量的sql 各种逻辑是更好的选择)。
原来语句:insert into admin(admin_name,admin_password) values (‘test1′,'pass1′);
insert into admin(admin_name,admin_password) values (‘test2′,'pass2′);
insert into admin(admin_name,admin_password) values (‘test3′,'pass3′)
优化为: insert into admin(admin_name,admin_password) values(‘test1′,'pass1′),(‘test2′,'pass2′),(‘test3′,'pass3′)
原则6、limit 的基数比较大时使用between。
原来语句:select * from admin order by admin_id limit 100000,10
优化为: select * from admin where admin_id between 100000 admin 100010 order by admin_id
原则7、不要使用rand函数获取多条随机记录。
原来语句: select * from admin order by rand() limit 20
优化为: select * from admin as t1 Join(select round(rand()*((select max(admin_id) from admin)-(select min(id) from admin))+(select min(id) from admin)) as id) as t2 where t1.id>=t2.id order by t1.id limit
原则8、避免使用NULL。
原则9. 不要使用 count(id) 使用 count(*)。
原则10、不要做无谓的排序操作,而应该使用索引完成排序。
三、总结数据库优化包括两个方面,一方面是SQL程序优化,另一方面是数据库配置的优化。另外在MySQL可以通过以下语句来查看帮助SQL进行优化:
set @@profiling = 1;
select * from typecho_comments order mail limit 10,30;
show profiles;
show profile for query

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MySQLstringtypesincludeVARCHAR,TEXT,CHAR,ENUM,andSET.1)VARCHARisversatileforvariable-lengthstringsuptoaspecifiedlimit.2)TEXTisidealforlargetextstoragewithoutadefinedlength.3)CHARisfixed-length,suitableforconsistentdatalikecodes.4)ENUMenforcesdatainte

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