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Linux 下 C++/C 连接 MySQL 数据库(一) 

一、连接前准备

原材料:Ubuntu12.04LTS

(已经安装了MySQL5.5或者更高级版本,新立得软件包,gcc/g++或者CodeBlosks编译器)

安装了以上的软件包后,我们可以正常使用MySQL完成数据管理工作,但是很多时候我们需要通过编写程序访问MySQL。此时,在程序中需要加载MySQL驱动头文件,但是默认这些驱动包是没有安装的,因此我们需要在新立得中找到"libmysqld-dev"包并安装。

安装完成之后,在”/usr/include/mysql/”目录下会有很多相对应的头文件,如mysql.h等。

当写好程序,需要编译时:

1、如果选用的是使用gcc/g++在命令行下完成,则需要加上-lmysqlclient选项。如:

g++ -lmysqlclient mysql_test.cc -o mysqltest

2、如果选用的是CodeBlocks,则需在构建选项中,将连接库设为mysqlclient。

开始编译。

二、头文件及相关函数分析

这篇博客中所列的函数全部包含在头文件下,因此,需要在程序编写开始处,加入一行:

#include <mysql/mysql.h>

1、用CAPI连接MySQL数据库有两个步骤:

1)初始化一个连接句柄

2)建立连接

所用到的函数如下:

MYSQL *mysql_init(MYSQL *connection);				// 初始化连接句柄//成功返回MySQL结构指针,失败返回NULLMYSQL *mysql_real_connect(MYSQL *connection,                             const char *server_host,                                                    const char *sql_user_name,                            const char *sql_password,                             const char *db_name,                             unsigned int port_number,                             const char *unix_socket_name,                             unsigned int flags); 	//建立连接//成功返回MySQL结构指针,失败返回NULL

2、MySQL连接工作完成之后,需要对MySQL的连接进行释放

void mysql_close(MYSQL *connection); //关闭连接//参数connection被清空,指针变为无效

3、mysql_options用于设置额外选项,并影响连接行为,但是它只能在mysql_init和mysql_real_connect之间调用

int mysql_options(MYSQL *connection, enum mysql_option option, const char *argument); 				//设置连接选项  

option的值为下列四个值之一:

MYSQL_INIT_COMMAND	     //连接到MySQL服务器时将执行的命令,再次连接时将自动再次执行。MYSQL_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT    //连接超时前的等待秒数MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESS           //网络连接中使用压缩机制MYSQL_OPT_PROTOCOL	     //要使用的协议类型,影视mysql.h中定义的mysql_protocol_type枚举值之一

4、以上的函数是在假设没有错误的情况下运行,如果数据库连接过程中出现了错误,我们就需要以下两个函数来处理错误信息:

unsigned int mysql_errno(MYSQL *connection);	//返回错误代码(0表示为出现错误)  char *mysql_error(MYSQL *connection); 			//返回错误信息,是以NULL作为终结的字符串 

5、程序访问数据库不只是与数据库建立连接,更重要的是通过SQL语句的执行查询或改变数据库中数据。执行SQL语句可以通过下列函数实现。

int mysql_query(MYSQL *connection, const char *query);

SQL语句分为两类,返回数据的SQL和不返回数据的SQL(UPDATE、DELETE、INSERT)。

下面我们只介绍不返回数据的SQL

my_ulonglong mysql_affected_rows(MYSQL *connection);	//返回查询受影响的行//对一段SQL语句执行后可以通过调用此函数查看SQL语句执行后,数据库中数据状态改变的行数,以此判断SQL的执行成功与否。

三、实例

#include #include #include #include <mysql/mysql.h>using namespace std;void mysql_err_function(MYSQL * connection);int main(){	//freopen("input.txt","r",stdin);    MYSQL * connection;    connection = mysql_init(NULL);    if (!connection)    {        cout << "mysql_init failed!" << endl;        exit(-1);    }    if (!mysql_real_connect(connection,"localhost","root","123456","test",0,NULL,0))    {        cout << "Connection To MySQL failed!" << endl;        mysql_err_function(connection);    }    cout << "Connection To MySQL Server is Success..." << endl;    string str;    getline(cin,str);    int res = 0;    int affected_count = 0;    while (str != "close" && str != "" && !res)    {        res = mysql_query(connection,str.c_str());        affected_count += mysql_affected_rows(connection);        if (res)        {            if (mysql_errno(connection))            {                cout << "Error " << mysql_errno(connection) << " : "                     << mysql_error(connection) << '/n' << endl;                break;            }        }        getline(cin,str);    }    cout << "Have affected " << affected_count << " rows!" << endl;    mysql_close(connection);    cout << "Connection To MySQL Server is closed..." << endl;    return 0;}void mysql_err_function(MYSQL * connection){    if (mysql_errno(connection))    {        cout << "Error " << mysql_errno(connection) << " : "             << mysql_error(connection) << endl;        exit(-1);    }}
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