MySQL学习笔记_11_Linux下C++/C连接MySQL数据库(一)_MySQL
Linux学习笔记
bitsCN.comLinux 下 C++/C 连接 MySQL 数据库(一)
一、连接前准备
原材料:Ubuntu12.04LTS
(已经安装了MySQL5.5或者更高级版本,新立得软件包,gcc/g++或者CodeBlosks编译器)
安装了以上的软件包后,我们可以正常使用MySQL完成数据管理工作,但是很多时候我们需要通过编写程序访问MySQL。此时,在程序中需要加载MySQL驱动头文件,但是默认这些驱动包是没有安装的,因此我们需要在新立得中找到"libmysqld-dev"包并安装。
安装完成之后,在”/usr/include/mysql/”目录下会有很多相对应的头文件,如mysql.h等。
当写好程序,需要编译时:
1、如果选用的是使用gcc/g++在命令行下完成,则需要加上-lmysqlclient选项。如:
g++ -lmysqlclient mysql_test.cc -o mysqltest
2、如果选用的是CodeBlocks,则需在构建选项中,将连接库设为mysqlclient。
开始编译。
二、头文件及相关函数分析
这篇博客中所列的函数全部包含在头文件
#include <mysql/mysql.h>
1、用CAPI连接MySQL数据库有两个步骤:
1)初始化一个连接句柄
2)建立连接
所用到的函数如下:
MYSQL *mysql_init(MYSQL *connection); // 初始化连接句柄//成功返回MySQL结构指针,失败返回NULLMYSQL *mysql_real_connect(MYSQL *connection, const char *server_host, const char *sql_user_name, const char *sql_password, const char *db_name, unsigned int port_number, const char *unix_socket_name, unsigned int flags); //建立连接//成功返回MySQL结构指针,失败返回NULL
2、MySQL连接工作完成之后,需要对MySQL的连接进行释放
void mysql_close(MYSQL *connection); //关闭连接//参数connection被清空,指针变为无效
3、mysql_options用于设置额外选项,并影响连接行为,但是它只能在mysql_init和mysql_real_connect之间调用
int mysql_options(MYSQL *connection, enum mysql_option option, const char *argument); //设置连接选项
option的值为下列四个值之一:
MYSQL_INIT_COMMAND //连接到MySQL服务器时将执行的命令,再次连接时将自动再次执行。MYSQL_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT //连接超时前的等待秒数MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESS //网络连接中使用压缩机制MYSQL_OPT_PROTOCOL //要使用的协议类型,影视mysql.h中定义的mysql_protocol_type枚举值之一
4、以上的函数是在假设没有错误的情况下运行,如果数据库连接过程中出现了错误,我们就需要以下两个函数来处理错误信息:
unsigned int mysql_errno(MYSQL *connection); //返回错误代码(0表示为出现错误) char *mysql_error(MYSQL *connection); //返回错误信息,是以NULL作为终结的字符串
5、程序访问数据库不只是与数据库建立连接,更重要的是通过SQL语句的执行查询或改变数据库中数据。执行SQL语句可以通过下列函数实现。
int mysql_query(MYSQL *connection, const char *query);
SQL语句分为两类,返回数据的SQL和不返回数据的SQL(UPDATE、DELETE、INSERT)。
下面我们只介绍不返回数据的SQL
my_ulonglong mysql_affected_rows(MYSQL *connection); //返回查询受影响的行//对一段SQL语句执行后可以通过调用此函数查看SQL语句执行后,数据库中数据状态改变的行数,以此判断SQL的执行成功与否。
三、实例
#includebitsCN.com#include #include #include <mysql/mysql.h>using namespace std;void mysql_err_function(MYSQL * connection);int main(){ //freopen("input.txt","r",stdin); MYSQL * connection; connection = mysql_init(NULL); if (!connection) { cout << "mysql_init failed!" << endl; exit(-1); } if (!mysql_real_connect(connection,"localhost","root","123456","test",0,NULL,0)) { cout << "Connection To MySQL failed!" << endl; mysql_err_function(connection); } cout << "Connection To MySQL Server is Success..." << endl; string str; getline(cin,str); int res = 0; int affected_count = 0; while (str != "close" && str != "" && !res) { res = mysql_query(connection,str.c_str()); affected_count += mysql_affected_rows(connection); if (res) { if (mysql_errno(connection)) { cout << "Error " << mysql_errno(connection) << " : " << mysql_error(connection) << '/n' << endl; break; } } getline(cin,str); } cout << "Have affected " << affected_count << " rows!" << endl; mysql_close(connection); cout << "Connection To MySQL Server is closed..." << endl; return 0;}void mysql_err_function(MYSQL * connection){ if (mysql_errno(connection)) { cout << "Error " << mysql_errno(connection) << " : " << mysql_error(connection) << endl; exit(-1); }}

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The steps to build a MySQL database include: 1. Create a database and table, 2. Insert data, and 3. Conduct queries. First, use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE statements to create the database and table, then use the INSERTINTO statement to insert the data, and finally use the SELECT statement to query the data.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because: 1) easy to install and configure, 2) rich learning resources, 3) intuitive SQL syntax, 4) powerful tool support. Nevertheless, beginners need to overcome challenges such as database design, query optimization, security management, and data backup.

Yes,SQLisaprogramminglanguagespecializedfordatamanagement.1)It'sdeclarative,focusingonwhattoachieveratherthanhow.2)SQLisessentialforquerying,inserting,updating,anddeletingdatainrelationaldatabases.3)Whileuser-friendly,itrequiresoptimizationtoavoidper

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.


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