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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMysql中的排序规则utf8_unicode_ci、utf8_general_ci的区别总结_MySQL

一、官方文档说明
下面摘录一下Mysql 5.1中文手册中关于utf8_unicode_ci与utf8_general_ci的说明:

     当前,utf8_unicode_ci校对规则仅部分支持Unicode校对规则算法。一些字符还是不能支持。并且,不能完全支持组合的记号。这主要影响越南和俄罗斯的一些少数民族语言,如:Udmurt 、Tatar、Bashkir和Mari。

     utf8_unicode_ci的最主要的特色是支持扩展,即当把一个字母看作与其它字母组合相等时。例如,在德语和一些其它语言中‘ß'等于‘ss'。

     utf8_general_ci是一个遗留的 校对规则,不支持扩展。它仅能够在字符之间进行逐个比较。这意味着utf8_general_ci校对规则进行的比较速度很快,但是与使用utf8_unicode_ci的 校对规则相比,比较正确性较差)。

     例如,使用utf8_general_ci和utf8_unicode_ci两种 校对规则下面的比较相等:
     Ä = A
     Ö = O
     Ü = U

     两种校对规则之间的区别是,对于utf8_general_ci下面的等式成立:
     ß = s

     但是,对于utf8_unicode_ci下面等式成立:
     ß = ss

     对于一种语言仅当使用utf8_unicode_ci排序做的不好时,才执行与具体语言相关的utf8字符集 校对规则。例如,对于德语和法语,utf8_unicode_ci工作的很好,因此不再需要为这两种语言创建特殊的utf8校对规则。

     utf8_general_ci也适用与德语和法语,除了‘ß'等于‘s',而不是‘ss'之外。如果你的应用能够接受这些,那么应该使用utf8_general_ci,因为它速度快。否则,使用utf8_unicode_ci,因为它比较准确。

如果你想使用gb2312编码,那么建议你使用latin1作为数据表的默认字符集,这样就能直接用中文在命令行工具中插入数据,并且可以直接显示出来.而不要使用gb2312或者gbk等字符集,如果担心查询排序等问题,可以使用binary属性约束,例如:
create table my_table ( name varchar(20) binary not null default '')type=myisam default charset latin1;

二、简短总结
utf8_unicode_ci和utf8_general_ci对中、英文来说没有实质的差别。
utf8_general_ci校对速度快,但准确度稍差。
utf8_unicode_ci准确度高,但校对速度稍慢。

如果你的应用有德语、法语或者俄语,请一定使用utf8_unicode_ci。一般用utf8_general_ci就够了,到现在也没发现问题。。。

三、详细总结

1、对于一种语言仅当使用utf8_unicode_ci排序做的不好时,才执行与具体语言相关的utf8字符集校对规则。例如,对于德语和法语,utf8_unicode_ci工作的很好,因此不再需要为这两种语言创建特殊的utf8校对规则。
2、utf8_general_ci也适用与德语和法语,除了‘?'等于‘s',而不是‘ss'之外。如果你的应用能够接受这些,那么应该使用 utf8_general_ci,因为它速度快。否则,使用utf8_unicode_ci,因为它比较准确。

用一句话概况上面这段话:utf8_unicode_ci比较准确,utf8_general_ci速度比较快。通常情况下 utf8_general_ci的准确性就够我们用的了,在我看过很多程序源码后,发现它们大多数也用的是utf8_general_ci,所以新建数据 库时一般选用utf8_general_ci就可以了

四、如何在MySQL5.0中使用UTF8
在 my.cnf中增加下列参数

[mysqld]
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8′
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation = utf8_general_ci

执行查询 mysql> show variables; 相关如下:
character_set_client | utf8
character_set_connection | utf8
character_set_database | utf8
character_set_results | utf8
character_set_server | utf8
character_set_system | utf8

collation_connection | utf8_general_ci
collation_database | utf8_general_ci
collation_server | utf8_general_ci

个人见解,对于数据库的使用,utf8 - general 已经足够的准确,并且相较与  utf8 - unicode速度上有优势,固可放心采用之


附1:旧数据升级办法
以原来的字符集为latin1为例,升级成为utf8的字符集。原来的表: old_table (default charset=latin1),新表:new_table(default charset=utf8)。
第一步:导出旧数据
mysqldump --default-character-set=latin1 -hlocalhost -uroot -B my_db --tables old_table > old.sql
第二步:转换编码(类似unix/linux环境下)
iconv -t utf-8 -f gb2312 -c old.sql > new.sql
或者可以去掉 -f 参数,让iconv自动判断原来的字符集
iconv -t utf-8 -c old.sql > new.sql
在这里,假定原来的数据默认是gb2312编码。
第三步:导入
修改old.sql,在插入/更新语句开始之前,增加一条sql语句: "SET NAMES utf8;",保存。
mysql -hlocalhost -uroot my_db 大功告成!!

附2:支持查看utf8字符集的MySQL客户端有
1.) MySQL-Front,据说这个项目已经被MySQL AB勒令停止了,不知为何,如果国内还有不少破解版可以下载(不代表我推荐使用破解版 :-P)。
2.) Navicat,另一款非常不错的MySQL客户端,汉化版刚出来,还邀请我试用过,总的来说还是不错的,不过也需要付费。
3.) PhpMyAdmin,开源的php项目,非常好。
4.) Linux下的终端工具(Linux terminal),把终端的字符集设置为utf8,连接到MySQL之后,执行 SET NAMES UTF8; 也能读写utf8数据了。

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